《MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual》资料，syntax

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https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19957-01/mysql-refman-5.4/index.html （已离线保存）

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Abstract

This is the MySQL™ Reference Manual. It documents MySQL 5.4 through 5.4.3.

MySQL 5.4 is based on MySQL 5.1 but includes small, high-impact changes to enhance scalability and performance in MySQL Server. For information about these changes, see Section 1.5, “What Is New in MySQL 5.4”.

MySQL Cluster is currently not supported in MySQL 5.4. For information about MySQL Cluster, please see MySQL Cluster NDB 6.X/7.X.

MySQL 5.4 features. This manual describes features that are not included in every edition of MySQL 5.4; such features may not be included in the edition of MySQL 5.4 licensed to you. If you have any questions about the features included in your edition of MySQL 5.4, refer to your MySQL 5.4 license agreement or contact your Oracle sales representative.

Document generated on: 2010-06-30 (revision: 21535)

Getting Started	Platforms	Administrators	Developers	Functionality	Connectors	HA/Scalability
Tutorial	» Linux/Unix	Server Option/Variable Reference	Server Option/Variable Reference	SQL Syntax	Connector/J	» HA/Scalability Guide
Installation	» Mac OS X	MySQL Change History	» MySQL Version Reference	Views	Connector/ODBC	MySQL and DRBD
Upgrading	» Windows	» MySQL Version Reference	SQL Syntax	Stored Routines	Connector/NET	MySQL and Virtualization
Server Administration	» Solaris	» Security	Optimization	Replication	Connector/C++	Memcached
FAQs	» Building from Source	» Startup/Shutdown	Connectors & APIs	Spatial Extensions	Connector/OOo	MySQL Proxy
		» Backup and Recovery	Functions and Operators	Precision Math	PHP	Replication
		Partitioning	Stored Programs and View	I18N & L18N	C API
		Information Schema		Partitioning

Table of Contents

Preface, Notes, Licenses

1. Licenses for Third-Party Components

1.1. libevent License
1.2. LPeg Library License
1.3. LuaFileSystem Library License
1.4. cURL (libcurl) License
1.5. Boost Library License
1.6. Fred Fish's Dbug Library License
1.7. libedit License
1.8. Richard A. O'Keefe String Library License
1.9. md5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5) License
1.10. Netlib License
1.11. nt_servc (Windows NT Service class library) License
1.12. regex Library License
1.13. SHA-1 in C License

1. General Information

1.1. About This Manual

1.2. Typographical and Syntax Conventions

1.3. Overview of the MySQL Database Management System

1.3.1. What is MySQL?
1.3.2. History of MySQL
1.3.3. The Main Features of MySQL

1.4. MySQL Development History

1.5. What Is New in MySQL 5.4

1.5.1. Scalability Improvements
1.5.2. InnoDB I/O Subsystem Changes
1.5.3. Enhanced Solaris Support
1.5.4. Diagnostic and Monitoring Capabilities
1.5.5. Configuration Differences in MySQL 5.4 from MySQL 5.1

1.6. MySQL Information Sources

1.6.1. MySQL Mailing Lists
1.6.2. MySQL Community Support at the MySQL Forums
1.6.3. MySQL Community Support on Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
1.6.4. MySQL Enterprise

1.7. How to Report Bugs or Problems

1.8. MySQL Standards Compliance

1.8.1. What Standards MySQL Follows
1.8.2. Selecting SQL Modes
1.8.3. Running MySQL in ANSI Mode
1.8.4. MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL
1.8.5. MySQL Differences from Standard SQL
1.8.6. How MySQL Deals with Constraints

1.9. Credits

1.9.1. Contributors to MySQL
1.9.2. Documenters and translators
1.9.3. Packages that support MySQL
1.9.4. Tools that were used to create MySQL
1.9.5. Supporters of MySQL

2. Installing and Upgrading MySQL

2.1. General Installation Guidance

2.1.1. Operating Systems Supported by MySQL Community Server
2.1.2. Choosing Which MySQL Distribution to Install
2.1.3. How to Get MySQL
2.1.4. Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or GnuPG
2.1.5. Installation Layouts
2.1.6. Compiler-Specific Build Characteristics

2.2. Standard MySQL Installation Using a Binary Distribution

2.3. Installing MySQL on Windows

2.3.1. Choosing An Installation Package
2.3.2. Installing MySQL with the Automated Installer
2.3.3. Using the MySQL Installation Wizard
2.3.4. MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard
2.3.5. Installing MySQL from a Noinstall Zip Archive
2.3.6. Extracting the Install Archive
2.3.7. Creating an Option File
2.3.8. Selecting a MySQL Server Type
2.3.9. Starting the Server for the First Time
2.3.10. Starting MySQL from the Windows Command Line
2.3.11. Starting MySQL as a Windows Service
2.3.12. Testing The MySQL Installation
2.3.13. Troubleshooting a MySQL Installation Under Windows
2.3.14. Upgrading MySQL on Windows
2.3.15. MySQL on Windows Compared to MySQL on Unix

2.4. Installing MySQL from RPM Packages on Linux

2.5. Installing MySQL on Mac OS X

2.6. Installing MySQL on Solaris

2.7. Installing MySQL on i5/OS

2.8. Installing MySQL on NetWare

2.9. Installing MySQL from tar.gz Packages on Other Unix-Like Systems

2.10. MySQL Installation Using a Source Distribution

2.10.1. Source Installation Overview
2.10.2. Typical configure Options
2.10.3. Installing from the Development Source Tree
2.10.4. Dealing with Problems Compiling MySQL
2.10.5. MIT-pthreads Notes
2.10.6. Installing MySQL from Source on Windows
2.10.7. Compiling MySQL Clients on Windows

2.11. Post-Installation Setup and Testing

2.11.1. Windows Post-Installation Procedures
2.11.2. Unix Post-Installation Procedures
2.11.3. Securing the Initial MySQL Accounts

2.12. Upgrading or Downgrading MySQL

2.12.1. Upgrading MySQL
2.12.2. Downgrading MySQL
2.12.3. Checking Whether Tables or Indexes Must Be Rebuilt
2.12.4. Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes
2.12.5. Copying MySQL Databases to Another Machine

2.13. Operating System-Specific Notes

2.13.1. Linux Notes
2.13.2. Mac OS X Notes
2.13.3. Solaris Notes
2.13.4. BSD Notes
2.13.5. Other Unix Notes

2.14. Environment Variables

2.15. Perl Installation Notes

2.15.1. Installing Perl on Unix
2.15.2. Installing ActiveState Perl on Windows
2.15.3. Problems Using the Perl DBI/DBD Interface

3. Tutorial

3.1. Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server

3.2. Entering Queries

3.3. Creating and Using a Database

3.3.1. Creating and Selecting a Database
3.3.2. Creating a Table
3.3.3. Loading Data into a Table
3.3.4. Retrieving Information from a Table

3.4. Getting Information About Databases and Tables

3.5. Using mysql in Batch Mode

3.6. Examples of Common Queries

3.6.1. The Maximum Value for a Column
3.6.2. The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column
3.6.3. Maximum of Column per Group
3.6.4. The Rows Holding the Group-wise Maximum of a Certain Column
3.6.5. Using User-Defined Variables
3.6.6. Using Foreign Keys
3.6.7. Searching on Two Keys
3.6.8. Calculating Visits Per Day
3.6.9. Using AUTO_INCREMENT

3.7. Queries from the Twin Project

3.7.1. Find All Nondistributed Twins
3.7.2. Show a Table of Twin Pair Status

3.8. Using MySQL with Apache

4. MySQL Programs

4.1. Overview of MySQL Programs

4.2. Using MySQL Programs

4.2.1. Invoking MySQL Programs
4.2.2. Connecting to the MySQL Server
4.2.3. Specifying Program Options
4.2.4. Setting Environment Variables

4.3. MySQL Server and Server-Startup Programs

4.3.1. mysqld — The MySQL Server
4.3.2. mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script
4.3.3. mysql.server — MySQL Server Startup Script
4.3.4. mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers

4.4. MySQL Installation-Related Programs

4.4.1. comp_err — Compile MySQL Error Message File
4.4.2. make_win_bin_dist — Package MySQL Distribution as ZIP Archive
4.4.3. mysqlbug — Generate Bug Report
4.4.4. mysql_install_db — Initialize MySQL Data Directory
4.4.5. mysql_secure_installation — Improve MySQL Installation Security
4.4.6. mysql_tzinfo_to_sql — Load the Time Zone Tables
4.4.7. mysql_upgrade — Check Tables for MySQL Upgrade

4.5. MySQL Client Programs

4.5.1. mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Tool
4.5.2. mysqladmin — Client for Administering a MySQL Server
4.5.3. mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program
4.5.4. mysqldump — A Database Backup Program
4.5.5. mysqlimport — A Data Import Program
4.5.6. mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information
4.5.7. mysqlslap — Load Emulation Client

4.6. MySQL Administrative and Utility Programs

4.6.1. innochecksum — Offline InnoDB File Checksum Utility
4.6.2. myisam_ftdump — Display Full-Text Index information
4.6.3. myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility
4.6.4. myisamlog — Display MyISAM Log File Contents
4.6.5. myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables
4.6.6. mysqlaccess — Client for Checking Access Privileges
4.6.7. mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files
4.6.8. mysqldumpslow — Summarize Slow Query Log Files
4.6.9. mysqlhotcopy — A Database Backup Program
4.6.10. mysql_convert_table_format — Convert Tables to Use a Given Storage Engine
4.6.11. mysql_find_rows — Extract SQL Statements from Files
4.6.12. mysql_fix_extensions — Normalize Table File Name Extensions
4.6.13. mysql_setpermission — Interactively Set Permissions in Grant Tables
4.6.14. mysql_waitpid — Kill Process and Wait for Its Termination
4.6.15. mysql_zap — Kill Processes That Match a Pattern

4.7. MySQL Program Development Utilities

4.7.1. msql2mysql — Convert mSQL Programs for Use with MySQL
4.7.2. mysql_config — Get Compile Options for Compiling Clients
4.7.3. my_print_defaults — Display Options from Option Files
4.7.4. resolve_stack_dump — Resolve Numeric Stack Trace Dump to Symbols

4.8. Miscellaneous Programs

4.8.1. perror — Explain Error Codes
4.8.2. replace — A String-Replacement Utility
4.8.3. resolveip — Resolve Host name to IP Address or Vice Versa

5. MySQL Server Administration

5.1. The MySQL Server

5.1.1. Server Option and Variable Reference
5.1.2. Server Command Options
5.1.3. Server Options for Loading Plugins
5.1.4. Server System Variables
5.1.5. Using System Variables
5.1.6. Server Status Variables
5.1.7. Server SQL Modes
5.1.8. Server-Side Help
5.1.9. Server Response to Signals
5.1.10. The Shutdown Process

5.2. MySQL Server Logs

5.2.1. Selecting General Query and Slow Query Log Output Destinations
5.2.2. The Error Log
5.2.3. The General Query Log
5.2.4. The Binary Log
5.2.5. The Slow Query Log
5.2.6. Server Log Maintenance

5.3. General Security Issues

5.3.1. General Security Guidelines
5.3.2. Password Security in MySQL
5.3.3. Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers
5.3.4. Security-Related mysqld Options
5.3.5. Security Issues with LOAD DATA LOCAL
5.3.6. How to Run MySQL as a Normal User

5.4. The MySQL Access Privilege System

5.4.1. Privileges Provided by MySQL
5.4.2. Privilege System Grant Tables
5.4.3. Specifying Account Names
5.4.4. Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification
5.4.5. Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification
5.4.6. When Privilege Changes Take Effect
5.4.7. Causes of Access-Denied Errors

5.5. MySQL User Account Management

5.5.1. User Names and Passwords
5.5.2. Adding User Accounts
5.5.3. Removing User Accounts
5.5.4. Setting Account Resource Limits
5.5.5. Assigning Account Passwords
5.5.6. Using SSL for Secure Connections
5.5.7. Connecting to MySQL Remotely from Windows with SSH
5.5.8. Auditing MySQL Account Activity

5.6. Running Multiple MySQL Servers on the Same Machine

5.6.1. Running Multiple Servers on Windows
5.6.2. Running Multiple Servers on Unix
5.6.3. Using Client Programs in a Multiple-Server Environment

5.7. Tracing mysqld Using DTrace

5.7.1. mysqld DTrace Probe Reference

6. Backup and Recovery

6.1. Backup and Recovery Types

6.2. Database Backup Methods

6.3. Example Backup and Recovery Strategy

6.3.1. Backup Policy
6.3.2. Using Backups for Recovery
6.3.3. Backup Strategy Summary

6.4. Using mysqldump for Backups

6.4.1. Dumping Data in SQL Format with mysqldump
6.4.2. Reloading SQL-Format Backups
6.4.3. Dumping Data in Delimited-Text Format with mysqldump
6.4.4. Reloading Delimited-Text Format Backups
6.4.5. mysqldump Tips

6.5. Point-in-Time (Incremental) Recovery Using the Binary Log

6.5.1. Point-in-Time Recovery Using Event Times
6.5.2. Point-in-Time Recovery Using Event Positions

6.6. MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery

6.6.1. Using myisamchk for Crash Recovery
6.6.2. How to Check MyISAM Tables for Errors
6.6.3. How to Repair MyISAM Tables
6.6.4. MyISAM Table Optimization
6.6.5. Setting Up a MyISAM Table Maintenance Schedule

7. Optimization

7.1. Optimization Overview

7.1.1. MySQL Design Limitations and Tradeoffs
7.1.2. Designing Applications for Portability
7.1.3. The MySQL Benchmark Suite
7.1.4. Using Your Own Benchmarks

7.2. Optimizing SELECT and Other Statements

7.2.1. Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN
7.2.2. Estimating Query Performance
7.2.3. Speed of SELECT Queries
7.2.4. WHERE Clause Optimization
7.2.5. Range Optimization
7.2.6. Index Merge Optimization
7.2.7. Condition Pushdown Optimization
7.2.8. IS NULL Optimization
7.2.9. LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN Optimization
7.2.10. Nested-Loop Join Algorithms
7.2.11. Nested Join Optimization
7.2.12. Outer Join Simplification
7.2.13. ORDER BY Optimization
7.2.14. GROUP BY Optimization
7.2.15. DISTINCT Optimization
7.2.16. Optimizing IN/=ANY Subqueries
7.2.17. LIMIT Optimization
7.2.18. Using optimizer_switch to Control the Optimizer
7.2.19. How to Avoid Table Scans
7.2.20. INFORMATION_SCHEMA Optimization
7.2.21. Speed of INSERT Statements
7.2.22. Speed of UPDATE Statements
7.2.23. Speed of DELETE Statements
7.2.24. Other Optimization Tips

7.3. Locking Issues

7.3.1. Internal Locking Methods
7.3.2. Table Locking Issues
7.3.3. Concurrent Inserts
7.3.4. External Locking

7.4. Optimizing Database Structure

7.4.1. Make Your Data as Small as Possible
7.4.2. Column Indexes
7.4.3. Multiple-Column Indexes
7.4.4. How MySQL Uses Indexes
7.4.5. The MyISAM Key Cache
7.4.6. The InnoDB Buffer Pool
7.4.7. MyISAM Index Statistics Collection
7.4.8. How MySQL Opens and Closes Tables
7.4.9. Disadvantages of Creating Many Tables in the Same Database

7.5. Optimizing the MySQL Server

7.5.1. How Compiling and Linking Affects the Speed of MySQL
7.5.2. System Factors and Startup Parameter Tuning
7.5.3. Tuning Server Parameters
7.5.4. Controlling Query Optimizer Performance
7.5.5. The MySQL Query Cache
7.5.6. Examining Thread Information
7.5.7. How MySQL Uses Threads for Client Connections
7.5.8. How MySQL Uses Memory
7.5.9. Enabling Large Page Support
7.5.10. How MySQL Uses Internal Temporary Tables
7.5.11. How MySQL Uses DNS

7.6. Disk Issues

7.6.1. Using Symbolic Links

8. Language Structure

8.1. Literal Values

8.1.1. Strings
8.1.2. Numbers
8.1.3. Date and Time Values
8.1.4. Hexadecimal Values
8.1.5. Boolean Values
8.1.6. Bit-Field Values
8.1.7. NULL Values

8.2. Schema Object Names

8.2.1. Identifier Qualifiers
8.2.2. Identifier Case Sensitivity
8.2.3. Mapping of Identifiers to File Names
8.2.4. Function Name Parsing and Resolution

8.3. Reserved Words

8.4. User-Defined Variables

8.5. Comment Syntax

9. Internationalization and Localization

9.1. Character Set Support

9.1.1. Character Sets and Collations in General
9.1.2. Character Sets and Collations in MySQL
9.1.3. Specifying Character Sets and Collations
9.1.4. Connection Character Sets and Collations
9.1.5. Configuring the Character Set and Collation for Applications
9.1.6. Character Set for Error Messages
9.1.7. Collation Issues
9.1.8. String Repertoire
9.1.9. Operations Affected by Character Set Support
9.1.10. Unicode Support
9.1.11. UTF-8 for Metadata
9.1.12. Column Character Set Conversion
9.1.13. Character Sets and Collations That MySQL Supports

9.2. Setting the Error Message Language

9.3. Adding a New Character Set

9.3.1. The Character Definition Arrays
9.3.2. String Collating Support
9.3.3. Multi-Byte Character Support

9.4. How to Add a New Collation to a Character Set

9.4.1. Collation Implementation Types
9.4.2. Choosing a Collation ID
9.4.3. Adding a Simple Collation to an 8-Bit Character Set
9.4.4. Adding a UCA Collation to a Unicode Character Set

9.5. Character Set Configuration

9.6. MySQL Server Time Zone Support

9.6.1. Staying Current with Time Zone Changes
9.6.2. Time Zone Leap Second Support

9.7. MySQL Server Locale Support

10. Data Types

10.1. Data Type Overview

10.1.1. Overview of Numeric Types
10.1.2. Overview of Date and Time Types
10.1.3. Overview of String Types
10.1.4. Data Type Default Values

10.2. Numeric Types

10.3. Date and Time Types

10.3.1. The DATETIME, DATE, and TIMESTAMP Types
10.3.2. The TIME Type
10.3.3. The YEAR Type
10.3.4. Year 2000 Issues and Date Types

10.4. String Types

10.4.1. The CHAR and VARCHAR Types
10.4.2. The BINARY and VARBINARY Types
10.4.3. The BLOB and TEXT Types
10.4.4. The ENUM Type
10.4.5. The SET Type

10.5. Data Type Storage Requirements

10.6. Choosing the Right Type for a Column

10.7. Using Data Types from Other Database Engines

11. Functions and Operators

11.1. Operator and Function Reference

11.2. Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation

11.3. Operators

11.3.1. Operator Precedence
11.3.2. Comparison Functions and Operators
11.3.3. Logical Operators

11.4. Control Flow Functions

11.5. String Functions

11.5.1. String Comparison Functions
11.5.2. Regular Expressions

11.6. Numeric Functions

11.6.1. Arithmetic Operators
11.6.2. Mathematical Functions

11.7. Date and Time Functions

11.8. What Calendar Is Used By MySQL?

11.9. Full-Text Search Functions

11.9.1. Natural Language Full-Text Searches
11.9.2. Boolean Full-Text Searches
11.9.3. Full-Text Searches with Query Expansion
11.9.4. Full-Text Stopwords
11.9.5. Full-Text Restrictions
11.9.6. Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search

11.10. Cast Functions and Operators

11.11. XML Functions

11.12. Bit Functions

11.13. Encryption and Compression Functions

11.14. Information Functions

11.15. Miscellaneous Functions

11.16. Functions and Modifiers for Use with GROUP BY Clauses

11.16.1. GROUP BY (Aggregate) Functions
11.16.2. GROUP BY Modifiers
11.16.3. GROUP BY and HAVING with Hidden Columns

11.17. Spatial Extensions

11.17.1. Introduction to MySQL Spatial Support
11.17.2. The OpenGIS Geometry Model
11.17.3. Supported Spatial Data Formats
11.17.4. Creating a Spatially Enabled MySQL Database
11.17.5. Analyzing Spatial Information
11.17.6. Optimizing Spatial Analysis
11.17.7. MySQL Conformance and Compatibility

11.18. Precision Math

11.18.1. Types of Numeric Values
11.18.2. DECIMAL Data Type Changes
11.18.3. Expression Handling
11.18.4. Rounding Behavior
11.18.5. Precision Math Examples

12. SQL Statement Syntax

12.1. Data Definition Statements

12.1.1. ALTER DATABASE Syntax
12.1.2. ALTER EVENT Syntax
12.1.3. ALTER FUNCTION Syntax
12.1.4. ALTER PROCEDURE Syntax
12.1.5. ALTER SERVER Syntax
12.1.6. ALTER TABLE Syntax
12.1.7. ALTER VIEW Syntax
12.1.8. CREATE DATABASE Syntax
12.1.9. CREATE EVENT Syntax
12.1.10. CREATE FUNCTION Syntax
12.1.11. CREATE INDEX Syntax
12.1.12. CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Syntax
12.1.13. CREATE SERVER Syntax
12.1.14. CREATE TABLE Syntax
12.1.15. CREATE TRIGGER Syntax
12.1.16. CREATE VIEW Syntax
12.1.17. DROP DATABASE Syntax
12.1.18. DROP EVENT Syntax
12.1.19. DROP FUNCTION Syntax
12.1.20. DROP INDEX Syntax
12.1.21. DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Syntax
12.1.22. DROP SERVER Syntax
12.1.23. DROP TABLE Syntax
12.1.24. DROP TRIGGER Syntax
12.1.25. DROP VIEW Syntax
12.1.26. RENAME TABLE Syntax

12.2. Data Manipulation Statements

12.2.1. CALL Syntax
12.2.2. DELETE Syntax
12.2.3. DO Syntax
12.2.4. HANDLER Syntax
12.2.5. INSERT Syntax
12.2.6. LOAD DATA INFILE Syntax
12.2.7. REPLACE Syntax
12.2.8. SELECT Syntax
12.2.9. Subquery Syntax
12.2.10. TRUNCATE TABLE Syntax
12.2.11. UPDATE Syntax

12.3. MySQL Transactional and Locking Statements

12.3.1. START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Syntax
12.3.2. Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back
12.3.3. Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit
12.3.4. SAVEPOINT and ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT Syntax
12.3.5. LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Syntax
12.3.6. SET TRANSACTION Syntax
12.3.7. XA Transactions

12.4. Database Administration Statements

12.4.1. Account Management Statements
12.4.2. Table Maintenance Statements
12.4.3. Plugin and User-Defined Function Statements
12.4.4. SET Syntax
12.4.5. SHOW Syntax
12.4.6. Other Administrative Statements

12.5. Replication Statements

12.5.1. SQL Statements for Controlling Master Servers
12.5.2. SQL Statements for Controlling Slave Servers

12.6. SQL Syntax for Prepared Statements

12.6.1. PREPARE Syntax
12.6.2. EXECUTE Syntax
12.6.3. DEALLOCATE PREPARE Syntax
12.6.4. Automatic Prepared Statement Repreparation

12.7. MySQL Compound-Statement Syntax

12.7.1. BEGIN ... END Compound Statement Syntax
12.7.2. DECLARE Syntax
12.7.3. Variables in Stored Programs
12.7.4. Conditions and Handlers
12.7.5. Cursors
12.7.6. Flow Control Constructs
12.7.7. RETURN Syntax

12.8. MySQL Utility Statements

12.8.1. DESCRIBE Syntax
12.8.2. EXPLAIN Syntax
12.8.3. HELP Syntax
12.8.4. USE Syntax

13. Storage Engines

13.1. Comparing Transaction and Nontransaction Engines

13.2. Other Storage Engines

13.3. Setting the Storage Engine

13.4. Overview of MySQL Storage Engine Architecture

13.4.1. Pluggable Storage Engine Architecture
13.4.2. The Common Database Server Layer

13.5. The MyISAM Storage Engine

13.5.1. MyISAM Startup Options
13.5.2. Space Needed for Keys
13.5.3. MyISAM Table Storage Formats
13.5.4. MyISAM Table Problems

13.6. The InnoDB Storage Engine

13.6.1. InnoDB Contact Information
13.6.2. InnoDB Configuration
13.6.3. InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables
13.6.4. Creating and Using InnoDB Tables
13.6.5. Adding, Removing, or Resizing InnoDB Data and Log Files
13.6.6. Backing Up and Recovering an InnoDB Database
13.6.7. Moving an InnoDB Database to Another Machine
13.6.8. The InnoDB Transaction Model and Locking
13.6.9. InnoDB Multi-Versioning
13.6.10. InnoDB Table and Index Structures
13.6.11. InnoDB Disk I/O and File Space Management
13.6.12. InnoDB Error Handling
13.6.13. InnoDB Performance Tuning and Troubleshooting
13.6.14. Restrictions on InnoDB Tables

13.7. The IBMDB2I Storage Engine

13.7.1. Installation
13.7.2. Configuration Options
13.7.3. Creating schemas and tables
13.7.4. Database/metadata management
13.7.5. Transaction behavior
13.7.6. Principles and Terminology
13.7.7. Notes and Limitations
13.7.8. Character sets and collations
13.7.9. Error codes and trouble-shooting information

13.8. The MERGE Storage Engine

13.8.1. MERGE Table Advantages and Disadvantages
13.8.2. MERGE Table Problems

13.9. The MEMORY (HEAP) Storage Engine

13.10. The EXAMPLE Storage Engine

13.11. The FEDERATED Storage Engine

13.11.1. FEDERATED Storage Engine Overview
13.11.2. How to Create FEDERATED Tables
13.11.3. FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips
13.11.4. FEDERATED Storage Engine Resources

13.12. The ARCHIVE Storage Engine

13.13. The CSV Storage Engine

13.13.1. Repairing and Checking CSV Tables
13.13.2. CSV Limitations

13.14. The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine

14. High Availability and Scalability

14.1. Using MySQL with DRBD

14.1.1. Configuring the DRBD Environment
14.1.2. Configuring MySQL for DRBD
14.1.3. Optimizing Performance and Reliability

14.2. Using Linux HA Heartbeat

14.2.1. Heartbeat Configuration
14.2.2. Using Heartbeat with MySQL and DRBD
14.2.3. Using Heartbeat with DRBD and dopd
14.2.4. Dealing with System Level Errors

14.3. MySQL and Virtualization

14.3.1. Common Issues with Virtualization
14.3.2. Using MySQL within an Amazon EC2 Instance
14.3.3. Virtualization Resources

14.4. Using ZFS Replication

14.4.1. Using ZFS for Filesystem Replication
14.4.2. Configuring MySQL for ZFS Replication
14.4.3. Handling MySQL Recovery with ZFS

14.5. Using MySQL with memcached

14.5.1. Installing memcached
14.5.2. Using memcached
14.5.3. memcached Interfaces
14.5.4. Getting memcached Statistics
14.5.5. memcached FAQ

14.6. MySQL Proxy

14.6.1. MySQL Proxy Supported Platforms
14.6.2. Installing MySQL Proxy
14.6.3. MySQL Proxy Configuration Options
14.6.4. MySQL Proxy Scripting
14.6.5. Using MySQL Proxy
14.6.6. MySQL Proxy FAQ

15. MySQL Enterprise Monitor

15.1. An Overview of the Service

15.1.1. The Service Architecture
15.1.2. Service Features
15.1.3. Security

15.2. Conventions Used in This Document

15.3. Installation and Upgrades

15.3.1. User Roles
15.3.2. Service Manager Installation
15.3.3. Monitor Agent Installation
15.3.4. Unattended Installation
15.3.5. Post-Installation Considerations
15.3.6. Upgrading, Re-Installing or Changing Your Installation
15.3.7. Uninstalling the MySQL Enterprise Monitor

15.4. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard

15.4.1. The Server Tree
15.4.2. The Server Graphs and Critical Events
15.4.3. The Heat Chart

15.5. The Settings Page

15.5.1. Global Settings
15.5.2. User Preferences
15.5.3. Manage Servers
15.5.4. Managing Users
15.5.5. Manage Notification Groups
15.5.6. Logs
15.5.7. The Product Information Screen

15.6. The What's New Page

15.6.1. Setting What's New Configuration

15.7. The Advisors Page

15.7.1. Installing and Updating Advisors
15.7.2. Scheduling Rules
15.7.3. Editing Built-in Rules
15.7.4. Creating Advisors and Rules
15.7.5. Creating a Custom Data Collection Item
15.7.6. Disabling and Unscheduling Rules
15.7.7. Advisor Blackout Periods

15.8. The Events Page

15.8.1. Closing an Event
15.8.2. Notification of Events

15.9. The Graphs Page

15.9.1. Displaying Graphs
15.9.2. Setting an Interval
15.9.3. Setting a Time Span

15.10. The Query Analyzer Page

15.10.1. Enabling Query Analyzer
15.10.2. Getting Detailed Query Information
15.10.3. Using Graphs to Identify Queries
15.10.4. Filtering Query Analyzer Data
15.10.5. Using Query Analyzer Data
15.10.6. Troubleshooting Query Analyzer
15.10.7. Query Analyzer Settings

15.11. The Replication Page

15.11.1. Replication Page Details

15.12. MySQL Enterprise Monitor Reference

15.12.1. MySQL Enterprise Monitor Limitations
15.12.2. Supported Browsers
15.12.3. Installation Requirements
15.12.4. Creating a new SSL KeyStore
15.12.5. Choosing Suitable MySQL Enterprise Service Manager Hardware Configurations
15.12.6. MySQL Enterprise Monitor Agent Reference
15.12.7. Configuring Tomcat Parameters
15.12.8. Backing up MySQL Enterprise Service Manager
15.12.9. Migrating 1.3.x Historical Data to MySQL Enterprise Monitor 2.0
15.12.10. Regular MySQL Enterprise Monitor Maintenance
15.12.11. Advisor/Graph Reference

15.13. MySQL Enterprise Monitor Frequently Asked Questions

16. Replication

16.1. Replication Configuration

16.1.1. How to Set Up Replication
16.1.2. Replication Formats
16.1.3. Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables
16.1.4. Common Replication Administration Tasks

16.2. Replication Implementation

16.2.1. Replication Implementation Details
16.2.2. Replication Relay and Status Files
16.2.3. How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules

16.3. Replication Solutions

16.3.1. Using Replication for Backups
16.3.2. Using Replication with Different Master and Slave Storage Engines
16.3.3. Using Replication for Scale-Out
16.3.4. Replicating Different Databases to Different Slaves
16.3.5. Improving Replication Performance
16.3.6. Switching Masters During Failover
16.3.7. Setting Up Replication Using SSL

16.4. Replication Notes and Tips

16.4.1. Replication Features and Issues
16.4.2. Replication Compatibility Between MySQL Versions
16.4.3. Upgrading a Replication Setup
16.4.4. Replication FAQ
16.4.5. Troubleshooting Replication
16.4.6. How to Report Replication Bugs or Problems

17. Partitioning

17.1. Overview of Partitioning in MySQL

17.2. Partition Types

17.2.1. RANGE Partitioning
17.2.2. LIST Partitioning
17.2.3. HASH Partitioning
17.2.4. KEY Partitioning
17.2.5. Subpartitioning
17.2.6. How MySQL Partitioning Handles NULL

17.3. Partition Management

17.3.1. Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions
17.3.2. Management of HASH and KEY Partitions
17.3.3. Maintenance of Partitions
17.3.4. Obtaining Information About Partitions

17.4. Partition Pruning

17.5. Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning

17.5.1. Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys
17.5.2. Partitioning Limitations Relating to Storage Engines
17.5.3. Partitioning Limitations Relating to Functions

18. Stored Programs and Views

18.1. Defining Stored Programs

18.2. Using Stored Routines (Procedures and Functions)

18.2.1. Stored Routine Syntax
18.2.2. Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges
18.2.3. Stored Routine Metadata
18.2.4. Stored Procedures, Functions, Triggers, and LAST_INSERT_ID()

18.3. Using Triggers

18.3.1. Trigger Syntax
18.3.2. Trigger Metadata

18.4. Using the Event Scheduler

18.4.1. Event Scheduler Overview
18.4.2. Event Scheduler Configuration
18.4.3. Event Syntax
18.4.4. Event Metadata
18.4.5. Event Scheduler Status
18.4.6. The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges

18.5. Using Views

18.5.1. View Syntax
18.5.2. View Processing Algorithms
18.5.3. Updatable and Insertable Views
18.5.4. View Metadata

18.6. Access Control for Stored Programs and Views

18.7. Binary Logging of Stored Programs

19. INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables

19.1. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA Table
19.2. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table
19.3. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS Table
19.4. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table
19.5. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_PRIVILEGES Table
19.6. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES Table
19.7. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_PRIVILEGES Table
19.8. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_PRIVILEGES Table
19.9. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS Table
19.10. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS Table
19.11. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY Table
19.12. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS Table
19.13. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA KEY_COLUMN_USAGE Table
19.14. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES Table
19.15. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table
19.16. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS Table
19.17. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table
19.18. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENGINES Table
19.19. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARTITIONS Table
19.20. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table
19.21. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table
19.22. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROCESSLIST Table
19.23. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS Table
19.24. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA GLOBAL_STATUS and SESSION_STATUS Tables
19.25. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA GLOBAL_VARIABLES and SESSION_VARIABLES Tables
19.26. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROFILING Table
19.27. Other INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables
19.28. Extensions to SHOW Statements

20. Connectors and APIs

20.1. MySQL Connector/ODBC

20.1.1. Connector/ODBC Versions
20.1.2. Connector/ODBC Introduction
20.1.3. Connector/ODBC Installation
20.1.4. Connector/ODBC Configuration
20.1.5. Connector/ODBC Examples
20.1.6. Connector/ODBC Reference
20.1.7. Connector/ODBC Notes and Tips
20.1.8. Connector/ODBC Support

20.2. MySQL Connector/NET

20.2.1. Connector/NET Versions
20.2.2. Connector/NET Installation
20.2.3. Connector/NET Visual Studio Integration
20.2.4. Connector/NET Tutorials
20.2.5. Connector/NET Programming
20.2.6. Connector/NET Connection String Options Reference
20.2.7. Connector/NET API Reference
20.2.8. Connector/NET Support
20.2.9. Connector/NET FAQ

20.3. MySQL Connector/J

20.3.1. Connector/J Versions
20.3.2. Connector/J Installation
20.3.3. Connector/J Examples
20.3.4. Connector/J (JDBC) Reference
20.3.5. Connector/J Notes and Tips
20.3.6. Connector/J Support

20.4. MySQL Connector/MXJ

20.4.1. Connector/MXJ Overview
20.4.2. Connector/MXJ Versions
20.4.3. Connector/MXJ Installation
20.4.4. Connector/MXJ Configuration
20.4.5. Connector/MXJ Reference
20.4.6. Connector/MXJ Notes and Tips
20.4.7. Connector/MXJ Support

20.5. MySQL Connector/C++

20.5.1. MySQL Connector/C++ Binary Installation
20.5.2. MySQL Connector/C++ Source Installation
20.5.3. MySQL Connector/C++ Building Windows applications with Microsoft Visual Studio
20.5.4. MySQL Connector/C++ Building Linux applications with NetBeans
20.5.5. MySQL Connector/C++ Getting Started: Usage Examples
20.5.6. MySQL Connector/C++ Tutorials
20.5.7. MySQL Connector/C++ Debug Tracing
20.5.8. MySQL Connector/C++ Usage Notes
20.5.9. MySQL Connector/C++ Known Bugs and Issues
20.5.10. MySQL Connector/C++ Feature requests
20.5.11. MySQL Connector/C++ Support
20.5.12. MySQL Connector/C++ FAQ

20.6. MySQL Connector/C

20.6.1. Building MySQL Connector/C from the Source Code
20.6.2. Testing MySQL Connector/C
20.6.3. MySQL Connector/C FAQ

20.7. MySQL Connector/OpenOffice.org

20.7.1. Installation
20.7.2. Getting Started: Connecting to MySQL
20.7.3. Getting Started: Usage Examples
20.7.4. References
20.7.5. Known Bugs
20.7.6. Contact

20.8. libmysqld, the Embedded MySQL Server Library

20.8.1. Compiling Programs with libmysqld
20.8.2. Restrictions When Using the Embedded MySQL Server
20.8.3. Options with the Embedded Server
20.8.4. Embedded Server Examples
20.8.5. Licensing the Embedded Server

20.9. MySQL C API

20.9.1. C API Data Structures
20.9.2. C API Function Overview
20.9.3. C API Function Descriptions
20.9.4. C API Prepared Statements
20.9.5. C API Prepared Statement Data Structures
20.9.6. C API Prepared Statement Function Overview
20.9.7. C API Prepared Statement Function Descriptions
20.9.8. C API Threaded Function Descriptions
20.9.9. C API Embedded Server Function Descriptions
20.9.10. Common Questions and Problems When Using the C API
20.9.11. Controlling Automatic Reconnection Behavior
20.9.12. C API Support for Multiple Statement Execution
20.9.13. C API Prepared Statement Problems
20.9.14. C API Prepared Statement Handling of Date and Time Values
20.9.15. C API Support for Prepared CALL Statements
20.9.16. Building Client Programs

20.10. MySQL PHP API

20.10.1. MySQL
20.10.2. MySQL Improved Extension (Mysqli)
20.10.3. MySQL Native Driver (Mysqlnd)
20.10.4. MySQL Functions (PDO_MYSQL)
20.10.5. Connector/PHP
20.10.6. Common Problems with MySQL and PHP
20.10.7. Enabling Both mysql and mysqli in PHP

20.11. MySQL Perl API

20.12. MySQL C++ API

20.13. MySQL Python API

20.14. MySQL Ruby APIs

20.14.1. The MySQL/Ruby API
20.14.2. The Ruby/MySQL API

20.15. MySQL Tcl API

20.16. MySQL Eiffel Wrapper

21. Extending MySQL

21.1. MySQL Internals

21.1.1. MySQL Threads
21.1.2. MySQL Test Suite

21.2. The MySQL Plugin API

21.2.1. Plugin API Characteristics
21.2.2. Plugin API Components
21.2.3. Types of Plugins
21.2.4. Plugin Data Structures and Functions
21.2.5. Writing Plugins

21.3. Adding New Functions to MySQL

21.3.1. Features of the User-Defined Function Interface
21.3.2. Adding a New User-Defined Function
21.3.3. Adding a New Native Function

21.4. Adding New Procedures to MySQL

21.4.1. PROCEDURE ANALYSE
21.4.2. Writing a Procedure

21.5. Debugging and Porting MySQL

21.5.1. Debugging a MySQL Server
21.5.2. Debugging a MySQL Client
21.5.3. The DBUG Package
21.5.4. Comments about RTS Threads
21.5.5. Differences Between Thread Packages

A. MySQL 5.4 Frequently Asked Questions

A.1. MySQL 5.4 FAQ: General

A.2. MySQL 5.4 FAQ: Storage Engines

A.3. MySQL 5.4 FAQ: Server SQL Mode

A.4. MySQL 5.4 FAQ: Stored Procedures and Functions

A.5. MySQL 5.4 FAQ: Triggers

A.6. MySQL 5.4 FAQ: Views

A.7. MySQL 5.4 FAQ: INFORMATION_SCHEMA

A.8. MySQL 5.4 FAQ: Migration

A.9. MySQL 5.4 FAQ: Security

A.10. MySQL 5.4 FAQ: MySQL Cluster

A.11. MySQL 5.4 FAQ: MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Character Sets

A.12. MySQL 5.4 FAQ: Connectors & APIs

A.13. MySQL 5.4 FAQ: Replication

A.14. MySQL 5.4 FAQ: MySQL, DRBD, and Heartbeat

A.14.1. Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD)
A.14.2. Linux Heartbeat
A.14.3. DRBD Architecture
A.14.4. DRBD and MySQL Replication
A.14.5. DRBD and File Systems
A.14.6. DRBD and LVM
A.14.7. DRBD and Virtualization
A.14.8. DRBD and Security
A.14.9. DRBD and System Requirements
A.14.10. DBRD and Support and Consulting

B. Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems

B.1. Sources of Error Information

B.2. Types of Error Values

B.3. Server Error Codes and Messages

B.4. Client Error Codes and Messages

B.5. Problems and Common Errors

B.5.1. How to Determine What Is Causing a Problem
B.5.2. Common Errors When Using MySQL Programs
B.5.3. Installation-Related Issues
B.5.4. Administration-Related Issues
B.5.5. Query-Related Issues
B.5.6. Optimizer-Related Issues
B.5.7. Table Definition-Related Issues
B.5.8. Known Issues in MySQL

C. MySQL Change History

C.1. Changes in Release 5.4.x (Development)

C.1.1. Changes in MySQL 5.4.3 (06 October 2009)
C.1.2. Changes in MySQL 5.4.2 (01 September 2009)
C.1.3. Changes in MySQL 5.4.1 (22 June 2009)
C.1.4. Changes in MySQL 5.4.0 (05 April 2009 Beta)

C.2. MySQL Enterprise Monitor Change History

C.2.1. Changes in MySQL Enterprise Monitor 2.1.2 (26 May 2010)
C.2.2. Changes in MySQL Enterprise Monitor 2.1.1 (10th February 2010)
C.2.3. Changes in MySQL Enterprise Monitor 2.1.0 (8th September 2009)

C.3. MySQL Connector/ODBC (MyODBC) Change History

C.3.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.7 (Not yet released)
C.3.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.6 (09 November 2009)
C.3.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.5 (18 August 2008)
C.3.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.4 (15 April 2008)
C.3.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.3 (26 March 2008)
C.3.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.2 (13 February 2008)
C.3.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.1 (13 December 2007)
C.3.8. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.0 (10 September 2007)
C.3.9. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.12 (Never released)
C.3.10. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.11 (31 January 2007)
C.3.11. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.10 (14 December 2006)
C.3.12. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.9 (22 November 2006)
C.3.13. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.8 (17 November 2006)
C.3.14. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.7 (08 November 2006)
C.3.15. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.6 (03 November 2006)
C.3.16. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.5 (17 October 2006)
C.3.17. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.3 (Connector/ODBC 5.0 Alpha 3) (20 June 2006)
C.3.18. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.2 (Never released)
C.3.19. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.1 (Connector/ODBC 5.0 Alpha 2) (05 June 2006)
C.3.20. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.28 (Not yet released)
C.3.21. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.27 (20 November 2008)
C.3.22. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.26 (07 July 2008)
C.3.23. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.25 (11 April 2008)
C.3.24. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.24 (14 March 2008)
C.3.25. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.23 (09 January 2008)
C.3.26. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.22 (13 November 2007)
C.3.27. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.21 (08 October 2007)
C.3.28. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.20 (10 September 2007)
C.3.29. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.19 (10 August 2007)
C.3.30. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.18 (08 August 2007)
C.3.31. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.17 (14 July 2007)
C.3.32. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.16 (14 June 2007)
C.3.33. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.15 (07 May 2007)
C.3.34. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.14 (08 March 2007)
C.3.35. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.13 (Never released)
C.3.36. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.12 (11 February 2005)
C.3.37. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.11 (28 January 2005)

C.4. MySQL Connector/NET Change History

C.4.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 6.3.x
C.4.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 6.2.x
C.4.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 6.1.x
C.4.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 6.0.x
C.4.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 5.3.x
C.4.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 5.2.x
C.4.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 5.1.x
C.4.8. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 5.0.x
C.4.9. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 1.0.x
C.4.10. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.9.0 (30 August 2004)
C.4.11. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.76
C.4.12. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.75
C.4.13. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.74
C.4.14. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.71
C.4.15. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.70
C.4.16. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.68
C.4.17. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.65
C.4.18. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.60
C.4.19. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.50

C.5. MySQL Visual Studio Plugin Change History

C.5.1. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.3 (Not yet released)
C.5.2. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.2 (Not yet released)
C.5.3. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.1 (4 October 2006)
C.5.4. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.0 (4 October 2006)

C.6. MySQL Connector/J Change History

C.6.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 5.1.x
C.6.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 5.0.x
C.6.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 3.1.x
C.6.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 3.0.x
C.6.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 2.0.x
C.6.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 1.2b (04 July 1999)
C.6.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 1.2.x and lower

C.7. MySQL Connector/MXJ Change History

C.7.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.11 (24th November 2009)
C.7.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.10 (Never released)
C.7.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.9 (19 August 2008)
C.7.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.8 (06 August 2007)
C.7.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.7 (27 May 2007)
C.7.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.6 (04 May 2007)
C.7.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.5 (14 March 2007)
C.7.8. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.4 (28 January 2007)
C.7.9. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.3 (24 June 2006)
C.7.10. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.2 (15 June 2006)
C.7.11. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.1 (Never released)
C.7.12. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.0 (09 December 2005)

C.8. MySQL Connector/C++ Change History

C.8.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/C++ 1.1.x
C.8.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/C++ 1.0.x

C.9. MySQL Proxy Change History

C.9.1. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.8.1 (Not yet released)
C.9.2. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.8.0 (21 Jan 2010)
C.9.3. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.7.2 (30 June 2009)
C.9.4. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.7.1 (15 May 2009)
C.9.5. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.7.0 (Never Released)
C.9.6. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.6.1 (06 February 2008)
C.9.7. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.6.0 (11 September 2007)
C.9.8. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.5.1 (30 June 2007)
C.9.9. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.5.0 (19 June 2007)

D. Restrictions and Limits

D.1. Restrictions on Stored Routines, Triggers, and Events

D.2. Restrictions on Server-Side Cursors

D.3. Restrictions on Subqueries

D.4. Restrictions on Views

D.5. Restrictions on XA Transactions

D.6. Restrictions on Character Sets

D.7. Limits in MySQL

D.7.1. Limits of Joins
D.7.2. The Maximum Number of Columns Per Table
D.7.3. Windows Platform Limitations

Index

Standard Index

C Function Index

Command Index

Function Index

INFORMATION_SCHEMA Index

Transaction Isolation Level Index

JOIN Types Index

Operator Index

Option Index

Privileges Index

SQL Modes Index

Status Variable Index

Statement/Syntax Index

System Variable Index

List of Figures

5.1. The MySQL Architecture Using Pluggable Storage Engines
13.1. MySQL Architecture with Pluggable Storage Engines
13.2. FEDERATED Table Structure
14.1. DRBD Architecture Overview
14.2. DRBD Architecture Using Separate Network Interfaces
14.3. Heartbeat Architecture
14.4. memcached Architecture Overview
14.5. memcached Hash Selection
14.6. memcached Hash Selection with New memcached instance
14.7. Memory Allocation in memcached
14.8. Typical memcached Application Flowchart
15.1. MySQL Enterprise Monitor Architecture
15.2. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Monitor on Windows: Language Selection
15.3. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Monitor on Windows: Installation Directory
15.4. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Monitor on Windows: Tomcat Server Options
15.5. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Monitor on Windows: Repository Configuration
15.6. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Monitor on OS X: Language Selection
15.7. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Monitor on OS X: Java Selection
15.8. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Monitor on OS X: Installation Directory
15.9. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Monitor on OS X: Tomcat Server Options
15.10. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Monitor on OS X: Repository Configuration
15.11. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Initial Dashboard Log-In
15.12. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Outgoing Email Settings
15.13. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Agent on Windows: Language Selection
15.14. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Agent on Windows: Installation Directory
15.15. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Agent on Windows: Monitored Database Information
15.16. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Agent on Windows: Query Analyzer Configuration
15.17. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Agent on Windows: MySQL Enterprise Service Manager Options
15.18. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Agent on Mac OS X: Language Selection
15.19. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Agent on Mac OS X: Installation Directory
15.20. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Agent on Mac OS X: Monitored Database Information
15.21. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Agent on Mac OS X: Monitored Database Information
15.22. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Agent on Mac OS X: Query Analyzer Configuration
15.23. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Installing Agent on Mac OS X: MySQL Enterprise Service Manager Options
15.24. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Server Update: Language Selection
15.25. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Server Update: Previous Installation
15.26. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Server Update: Backup of Previous Installation
15.27. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Server Update: Completed installing files
15.28. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Server Update: Final Setup
15.29. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: The Graphs Screen
15.30. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: The Heat Chart
15.31. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: The Heat Chart Legend
15.32. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Settings
15.33. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: User Preferences
15.34. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Manage Servers
15.35. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Server Renaming
15.36. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Manage Users
15.37. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Manage Notification Groups
15.38. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Edit Notification Groups
15.39. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Logs
15.40. The What's New Tab
15.41. What's New Configuration
15.42. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Scheduling Dialog
15.43. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Editing Rules
15.44. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Events Screen
15.45. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Query Analyzer
15.46. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Standard Agent/Monitor Topology
15.47. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Query Analyzer Agent/Monitor Topology
15.48. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Canonical Query Tab for a Query
15.49. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Example Query Tab for a Query
15.50. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Explain Query Tab for a Query
15.51. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Correlated Graphs
15.52. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Query Analyzer Configuration
15.53. MySQL Enterprise Dashboard: Replication Groups
15.54. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Historical Data Migration Availability
15.55. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Confirming Historical Data Migration
15.56. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Historical Data Migration Progress
16.1. Using Replication to Improve Performance During Scale-Out
16.2. Using Replication to Replicate Databases to Separate Replication Slaves
16.3. Using an Additional Replication Host to Improve Performance
16.4. Redundancy Using Replication, Initial Structure
16.5. Redundancy Using Replication, After Master Failure
20.1. Add Connection Context Menu
20.2. Choose Data Source
20.3. Add Connection Dialog
20.4. New Data Connection
20.5. Editing New Table
20.6. Choose Table Name
20.7. Newly Created Table
20.8. Table Designer Main Menu
20.9. Indexes Dialog
20.10. Foreign Key Relationships Dialog
20.11. Table Properties Menu Item
20.12. Table Properties
20.13. Editing View SQL
20.14. View SQL Added
20.15. View SQL Saved
20.16. Edit Stored Procedure SQL
20.17. Stored Procedure SQL Saved
20.18. MySQL Website Configuration Tool
20.19. MySQL Website Configuration Tool - Membership
20.20. MySQL Website Configuration Tool - Connection String Editor
20.21. MySQL Website Configuration Tool - Advanced Options
20.22. MySQL Website Configuration Tool - Roles
20.23. MySQL Website Configuration Tool - Profiles
20.24. MySQL Website Configuration Tool - Session State
20.25. MySQL Website Configuration Tool - Tables
20.26. MySQL SQL Editor - New File
20.27. MySQL SQL Editor - Query
20.28. World Database Application
20.29. Authentication Type
20.30. Select Membership and Role Provider
20.31. Membership and Role Provider Tables
20.32. Security Tab
20.33. Create User
20.34. Membership and Roles Table Contents
20.35. Simple Profile Application
20.36. Add Entity Data Model
20.37. Entity Data Model Wizard Screen 1
20.38. Entity Data Model Wizard Screen 2
20.39. Entity Data Model Wizard Screen 3
20.40. Entity Data Model Diagram
20.41. Entity Data Source Configuration Wizard Screen 1
20.42. Entity Data Source Configuration Wizard Screen 2
20.43. Entity Data Source Configuration Wizard Screen 3
20.44. Data Sources
20.45. Data Form Designer
20.46. Adding Code to the Form
20.47. The Populated Grid Control
20.48. Save Button Enabled
20.49. Adding Save Code to the Form
20.50. The Design Tab
20.51. Drop Down List
20.52. Enable AutoPostBack
20.53. Grid View Control
20.54. Placed Grid Vew Control
20.55. Source Code
20.56. The Working Web Site
20.57. Windows Installer Welcome Screen
20.58. Windows Installer Overview Screen
20.59. Windows Installer Custom Setup Screen
20.60. Creating a New Project
20.61. The New Project Dialog Box
20.62. The Win32 Application Wizard
20.63. Selecting the Release Build
20.64. Selecting Project Properties from the Main Menu
20.65. Setting Properties
20.66. MySQL Include Directory
20.67. Select Directory Dialog
20.68. Typical Contents of MySQL lib/opt Directory
20.69. Additional Library Directories
20.70. Additional Library Directories Dialog
20.71.
20.72. Adding Additional Dependencies
20.73. Setting the CPPCONN_PUBLIC_FUNC Define
20.74. The NetBeans IDE
20.75. Setting the Header Include Directory
20.76. Setting the Static Library Directories and File Names
20.77. Setting the Dynamic Library Directory and File Name
20.78. The Example Application Running
20.79. Adding an Extension
20.80. Selecting the Database
20.81. Selecting the connection type
20.82. Entering Connection Settings
20.83. Setting Up User Authentication
20.84. After Connecting to the Database
20.85. Entering the Database File Name
20.86. Listing Tables
A.1. Active-Master MySQL Server

List of Tables

2.1. Build (configure) options
4.1. mysqld_safe Options
4.2. mysql Options
4.3. mysqladmin Options
4.4. mysqlcheck Options
4.5. mysqldump Options
4.6. mysqlimport Options
4.7. mysqlshow Options
4.8. mysqlslap Options
4.9. myisamchk Options
4.10. mysqlaccess Options
4.11. mysqlbinlog Options
4.12. mysqldumpslow Options
4.13. mysqlhotcopy Options
5.1. Option/Variable Summary
5.2. System Variable Summary
5.3. Dynamic Variable Summary
5.4. Status Variable Summary
5.5. Security Option/Variable Summary
5.6. SSL Option/Variable Summary
5.7. MySQL DTrace Probes
11.1. Operators/Functions
11.2. Operators
11.3. Comparison Operators
11.4. Logical Operators
11.5. Flow Control Operators
11.6. String Operators
11.7. String Comparison Operators
11.8. String Regular Expression Operators
11.9. Numeric Functions
11.10. Arithmetic Functions
11.11. Mathematical Functions
11.12. Date/Time Functions
11.13. Cast Functions
11.14. XML Functions
11.15. Bitwise Functions
11.16. Encryption Functions
11.17. Information Functions
11.18. Miscellaneous Functions
11.19. Aggregate (GROUP BY) Functions
13.1. Storage Engines Feature Summary
13.2. MyISAM Storage Engine Features
13.3. MyISAM Option/Variable Reference
13.4. InnoDB Storage Engine Features
13.5. InnoDB Option/Variable Reference
13.6. IBMDB2I Options and Variables
13.7. Naming Behavior in DB2 Storage Engine
13.8. IBMDB2I Isolation Levels
13.9. Data Type Restrictions in IBMDB2I
13.10. Collation Compatibility in IBMDB2I and MySQL
13.11. Error Codes from IBMDB2I
13.12. Error Codes and Messages in IBMDB2I
13.13. MEMORY Storage Engine Features
13.14. ARCHIVE Storage Engine Features
14.1. memcached Command Reference
14.2. memcached Protocol Responses
14.3. mysql-proxy Help Options
14.4. mysql-proxy Admin Options
14.5. mysql-proxy Proxy Options
14.6. mysql-proxy Applications Options
15.1. MySQL Enterprise Monitor: Wiki Formatting
15.2. mysql-monitor-agent Help Options
15.3. mysql-monitor-agent Admin Options
15.4. mysql-monitor-agent Agent Options
15.5. mysql-monitor-agent Monitor Options
15.6. mysql-monitor-agent Proxy Options
15.7. mysql-monitor-agent Application Options
16.1. Replication Option/Variable Summary
16.2. Binary Logging Option/Variable Summary
20.1. MySQL APIs and Interfaces
20.2. MySQL Connector Versions and MySQL Server Versions
20.3. Mapping of MySQL Error Numbers to SQLStates
20.4. MySQL Configuration Options
20.5. MySQL client constants
20.6. MySQL fetch constants
20.7. MySQLi Configuration Options
20.8. Possible mysqli_info return values
20.9. Valid options
20.10. Supported flags
20.11. Attribute values
20.12. Type specification chars
20.13. Return Values
20.14. Object attributes
20.15. Object properties
20.16. Object properties
20.17. Supported flags

List of Examples

20.1. Connector/J: Obtaining a connection from the DriverManager
20.2. Connector/J: Using java.sql.Statement to execute a SELECT query
20.3. Connector/J: Calling Stored Procedures
20.4. Connector/J: Using Connection.prepareCall()
20.5. Connector/J: Registering output parameters
20.6. Connector/J: Setting CallableStatement input parameters
20.7. Connector/J: Retrieving results and output parameter values
20.8. Connector/J: Retrieving AUTO_INCREMENT column values using Statement.getGeneratedKeys()
20.9. Connector/J: Retrieving AUTO_INCREMENT column values using SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()
20.10. Connector/J: Retrieving AUTO_INCREMENT column values in Updatable ResultSets
20.11. Connector/J: Using a connection pool with a J2EE application server
20.12. Connector/J: Example of transaction with retry logic
20.13. MySQL extension overview example
20.14. mysql_affected_rows example
20.15. mysql_affected_rows example using transactions
20.16. mysql_client_encoding example
20.17. mysql_close example
20.18. mysql_connect example
20.19. mysql_connect example using hostname:port syntax
20.20. mysql_connect example using ":/path/to/socket" syntax
20.21. mysql_create_db alternative example
20.22. mysql_data_seek example
20.23. mysql_db_name example
20.24. mysql_db_query alternative example
20.25. mysql_drop_db alternative example
20.26. mysql_errno example
20.27. mysql_error example
20.28. mysql_escape_string example
20.29. Query with aliased duplicate field names
20.30. mysql_fetch_array with MYSQL_NUM
20.31. mysql_fetch_array with MYSQL_ASSOC
20.32. mysql_fetch_array with MYSQL_BOTH
20.33. An expanded mysql_fetch_assoc example
20.34. mysql_fetch_field example
20.35. A mysql_fetch_lengths example
20.36. mysql_fetch_object example
20.37. mysql_fetch_object example
20.38. Fetching one row with mysql_fetch_row
20.39. A mysql_field_flags example
20.40. mysql_field_len example
20.41. mysql_field_name example
20.42. A mysql_field_table example
20.43. mysql_field_type example
20.44. A mysql_free_result example
20.45. mysql_get_client_info example
20.46. mysql_get_host_info example
20.47. mysql_get_proto_info example
20.48. mysql_get_server_info example
20.49. Relevant MySQL Statements
20.50. mysql_insert_id example
20.51. mysql_list_dbs example
20.52. Alternate to deprecated mysql_list_fields
20.53. mysql_list_processes example
20.54. mysql_list_tables alternative example
20.55. A mysql_num_fields example
20.56. mysql_num_rows example
20.57. A mysql_ping example
20.58. Invalid Query
20.59. Valid Query
20.60. Simple mysql_real_escape_string example
20.61. An example SQL Injection Attack
20.62. mysql_result example
20.63. mysql_select_db example
20.64. mysql_stat example
20.65. Alternative mysql_stat example
20.66. mysql_tablename example
20.67. mysql_thread_id example
20.68. Object oriented style
20.69. Procedural style
20.70. Object oriented style
20.71. Procedural style
20.72. Object oriented style
20.73. Procedural style
20.74. Object oriented style
20.75. Procedural style
20.76. mysqli_get_client_info
20.77. mysqli_get_client_version
20.78. Object oriented style
20.79. Procedural style
20.80. Object oriented style
20.81. Procedural style
20.82. Object oriented style
20.83. Procedural style
20.84. Object oriented style
20.85. Object oriented style when extending mysqli class
20.86. Procedural style
20.87. Generating a Trace File
20.88. Object oriented style
20.89. Procedural style
20.90. Object oriented style
20.91. Procedural style
20.92. Object oriented style
20.93. Procedural style
20.94. Object oriented style
20.95. Procedural style
20.96. mysqli_get_client_info
20.97. mysqli_get_client_version
20.98. A mysqli_get_connection_stats example
20.99. Object oriented style
20.100. Procedural style
20.101. Object oriented style
20.102. Procedural style
20.103. Object oriented style
20.104. Procedural style
20.105. Object oriented style
20.106. Procedural style
20.107. Object oriented style
20.108. Procedural style
20.109. Object oriented style
20.110. Procedural style
20.111. Object oriented style
20.112. Procedural style
20.113. Object oriented style
20.114. Procedural style
20.115. Object oriented style
20.116. Procedural style
20.117. A mysqli_poll example
20.118. Object oriented style
20.119. Procedural style
20.120. Object oriented style
20.121. Procedural style
20.122. Object oriented style
20.123. Object oriented style when extending mysqli class
20.124. Procedural style
20.125. Object oriented style
20.126. Procedural style
20.127. Object oriented style
20.128. Procedural style
20.129. Object oriented style
20.130. Procedural style
20.131. Object oriented style
20.132. Procedural style
20.133. Object oriented style
20.134. Procedural style
20.135. Object oriented style
20.136. Procedural style
20.137. Object oriented style
20.138. Procedural style
20.139. Object oriented style
20.140. Procedural style
20.141. Object oriented style
20.142. Procedural style
20.143. Object oriented style
20.144. Procedural style
20.145. Object oriented style
20.146. Procedural style
20.147. Object oriented style
20.148. Procedural style
20.149. Object oriented style
20.150. Procedural style
20.151. Object oriented style
20.152. Procedural style
20.153. Object oriented style
20.154. Procedural style
20.155. Object oriented style
20.156. Procedural style
20.157. Object oriented style
20.158. Procedural style
20.159. Object oriented style
20.160. Procedural style
20.161. Object oriented style
20.162. Procedural style
20.163. Object oriented style
20.164. Procedural style
20.165. Object oriented style
20.166. Procedural style
20.167. Object oriented style
20.168. Procedural style
20.169. Object oriented style
20.170. Object oriented style
20.171. Procedural style
20.172. Object oriented style
20.173. Procedural style
20.174. Object oriented style
20.175. Procedural style
20.176. Object oriented style
20.177. Procedural style
20.178. Object oriented style
20.179. Procedural style
20.180. Object oriented style
20.181. Procedural style
20.182. Object oriented style
20.183. Procedural style
20.184. Object oriented style
20.185. Procedural style
20.186. Object oriented style
20.187. Procedural style
20.188. Object oriented style
20.189. Procedural style
20.190. Object oriented style
20.191. Procedural style
20.192. Object oriented style
20.193. Procedural style
20.194. Object oriented style
20.195. Procedural style
20.196. Object oriented style
20.197. Procedural style
20.198. Object oriented style
20.199. Procedural style
20.200. A mysqli_get_cache_stats example
20.201. A mysqli_get_client_stats example
20.202. Object oriented style
20.203. Forcing queries to be buffered in mysql
20.204. PDO_MYSQL DSN examples