# Python3 安装
yum install python3-setuptools
# Python2 安装
yum install python2-setuptools

easy_install django

[root@solar django]# python
Python 3.7.4 (default, May 15 2014, 14:49:08)
[GCC 4.8.0] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import django
>>> django.VERSION
(3, 0, 6, 'final', 0)

sudo pip3 install Django -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

sudo pip3 install Django==3.0.6 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

pip install https://www.djangoproject.com/download/1.11a1/tarball/

tar xzvf Django-X.Y.tar.gz    # 解压下载包
cd Django-X.Y                 # 进入 Django 目录
python setup.py install       # 执行安装命令

$ tar zxvf Django-3.x.y.tar.gz

git clone https://github.com/django/django.git

cd Django-3.x.y
sudo python setup.py install

……
Processing dependencies for Django==3.x.y
Finished processing dependencies for Django==3.x.y

$ django-admin.py startproject testdj

cd testdj # 切换到我们创建的项目
$ python manage.py runserver
……
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

$ django-admin

Type 'django-admin help <subcommand>' for help on a specific subcommand.

Available subcommands:

[django]
    check
    compilemessages
    createcachetable
    dbshell
    diffsettings
    dumpdata
    flush
    inspectdb
    loaddata
    makemessages
    makemigrations
    migrate
    runserver
    sendtestemail
    shell
    showmigrations
    sqlflush
    sqlmigrate
    sqlsequencereset
    squashmigrations
    startapp
    startproject
    test
    testserver
……省略部分……

django-admin startproject HelloWorld

$ cd HelloWorld/
$ tree
.
|-- HelloWorld
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- asgi.py
|   |-- settings.py
|   |-- urls.py
|   `-- wsgi.py
`-- manage.py

python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 
from django.http import HttpResponse
 
def hello(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello world ! ")

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/urls.py 
from django.conf.urls import url
 
from . import views
 
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.hello),
]

$ tree
.
|-- HelloWorld
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- __init__.pyc
|   |-- settings.py
|   |-- settings.pyc
|   |-- urls.py              # url 配置
|   |-- urls.pyc
|   |-- views.py              # 添加的视图文件
|   |-- views.pyc             # 编译后的视图文件
|   |-- wsgi.py
|   `-- wsgi.pyc
`-- manage.py

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/urls.py 文件代码
from django.urls import path
 
from . import views
 
urlpatterns = [
    path('hello/', views.hello),
]

path(route, view, kwargs=None, name=None)

from django.urls import include, re_path

urlpatterns = [
    re_path(r'^index/$', views.index, name='index'),
    re_path(r'^bio/(?P<username>\w+)/$', views.bio, name='bio'),
    re_path(r'^weblog/', include('blog.urls')),
    ...
]

HelloWorld/
|-- HelloWorld
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- __init__.pyc
|   |-- settings.py
|   |-- settings.pyc
|   |-- urls.py
|   |-- urls.pyc
|   |-- views.py
|   |-- views.pyc
|   |-- wsgi.py
|   `-- wsgi.pyc
|-- manage.py
`-- templates
    `-- lizexiong.html

HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
<h1>{{ hello }}</h1>

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/settings.py 文件代码
...
TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],       # 修改位置
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]
...

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码
from django.shortcuts import render
 
def lizexiong(request):
    context          = {}
    context['hello'] = 'Hello World!'
    return render(request, 'lizexiong.html', context)

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/urls.py 文件代码
from django.urls import path
 
from . import views
 
urlpatterns = [
    path('lizexiong/', views.lizexiong),
]

view：｛"HTML变量名" : "views变量名"｝
HTML：｛｛变量名｝｝

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码
from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):
  views_name = "李泽雄"
  return  render(request,"lizexiong.html", {"name":views_name})

<p>{{ name }}</p>

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码
from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):
    views_list = ["李泽雄1","吴鑫哲2","刘稳3"]
    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"views_list": views_list})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
<p>{{ views_list }}</p>   # 取出整个列表
<p>{{ views_list.0 }}</p> # 取出列表的第一个元素

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):
    views_dict = {"name":"李泽雄"}
    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"views_dict": views_dict})

HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
<p>{{ views_dict }}</p>
<p>{{ views_dict.name }}</p>

{{ 变量名 | 过滤器：可选参数 }}

{{ name|lower }}

{{ my_list|first|upper }}

{{ bio|truncatewords:"30" }}

{{ bio|truncatewords:"30" }}

0  0.0  False  0j  ""  []  ()  set()  {}  None

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):
    name =0
    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"name": name})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
{{ name|default:"李泽雄666" }}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):
    name ="李泽雄-length"
    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"name": name})

HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
{{ name|length}}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):
    num=1024
    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"num": num})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
{{ num|filesizeformat}}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):
    import datetime
    now  =datetime.datetime.now()
    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"time": now})

HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
{{ time|date:"Y-m-d" }}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):
    views_str = "李泽雄"
    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"views_str": views_str})

HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
{{ views_str|truncatechars:2}}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):
    views_str = "<a href='https://www.baidu.com/'>点击跳转</a>"
    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"views_str": views_str})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
{{ views_str|safe }}

{% if condition %}
     ... display
{% endif %}

{% if condition1 %}
   ... display 1
{% elif condition2 %}
   ... display 2
{% else %}
   ... display 3
{% endif %}

{% if athlete_list and coach_list %}
     athletes 和 coaches 变量都是可用的。
{% endif %}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):
    views_num = 88
    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"num": views_num})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
{%if num > 90 and num <= 100 %}
优秀
{% elif num > 60 and num <= 90 %}
合格
{% else %}
一边玩去～
{% endif %}

<ul>
{% for athlete in athlete_list %}
    <li>{{ athlete.name }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):
    views_list = ["李泽雄","李泽雄1","吴鑫哲2","刘稳3",]
    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"views_list": views_list})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
{% for i in views_list %}
{{ i }}
{% endfor %}

{% for athlete in athlete_list reversed %}
...
{% endfor %}

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
{% for i in views_list  reversed%}
{{ i }}
{% endfor %}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):
    views_dict = {"name":"李泽雄","age":30}
    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"views_dict": views_dict})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
{% for i,j in views_dict.items %}
{{ i }}---{{ j }}
{% endfor %}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):
     views_list = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
     return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"listvar": views_list})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
{% for i in listvar %}
    {{ forloop.counter }}
    {{ forloop.counter0 }}
    {{ forloop.revcounter }}
    {{ forloop.revcounter0 }}
    {{ forloop.first }}
    {{ forloop.last }}
{% endfor %}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):
  views_list = []
  return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"listvar": views_list})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
{% for i in listvar %}
    {{ forloop.counter0 }}
{% empty %}
    空空如也～
{% endfor %}

{% for athlete in athlete_list %}
    <h1>{{ athlete.name }}</h1>
    <ul>
    {% for sport in athlete.sports_played %}
        <li>{{ sport }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>
{% endfor %}

{% ifequal user currentuser %}
    <h1>Welcome!</h1>
{% endifequal %}

{% ifequal section 'sitenews' %}
    <h1>Site News</h1>
{% else %}
    <h1>No News Here</h1>
{% endifequal %}

{# 这是一个注释 #}

{% include "nav.html" %}

HelloWorld/
|-- HelloWorld
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- __init__.pyc
|   |-- settings.py
...
|-- manage.py
`-- templatetags
`-- templates

from django import template

register = template.Library()   #register的名字是固定的,不可改变

...
TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [BASE_DIR, "/templates",],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
            "libraries":{                          # 添加这边三行配置
                'my_tags':'templatetags.my_tags'   # 添加这边三行配置        
            }                                      # 添加这边三行配置
        },
    },
]
...

@register.filter
def my_filter(v1, v2):
    return v1 * v2

@register.simple_tag
def my_tag1(v1, v2, v3):
    return v1 * v2 * v3

{% load my_tags %}

{{ 11|my_filter:22 }}

{% my_tag1 11 22 33 %}

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

@register.simple_tag
def my_html(v1, v2):
    temp_html = "<input type='text' id='%s' class='%s' />" %(v1, v2)
    return mark_safe(temp_html)

{% my_html "zzz" "xxx" %}

STATIC_URL = '/static/' # 别名 
STATICFILES_DIRS = [ 
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "statics"), 
]

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.css">

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):
    name ="李泽雄-statics"
    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"name": name})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
{% load static %}
{{name}}<img decoding="async" src="{% static 'images/lizexiong-logo.png' %}" alt="lizexiong-logo">

{% block 名称 %} 
预留给子模板的区域，可以设置设置默认内容
{% endblock 名称 %}

{% extends "父模板路径"%}

{ % block 名称 % }
内容 
{% endblock 名称 %}

#HelloWorld/templates/base.html 文件代码：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>李泽雄(lizexiong.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Hello World!</h1>
    <p>李泽雄 Django 测试。</p>
    {% block mainbody %}
       <p>original</p>
    {% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：
{%extends "base.html" %}
 
{% block mainbody %}
<p>继承了 base.html 文件</p>
{% endblock %}

sudo pip3 install pymysql

create database 数据库名称 default charset=utf8; # 防止编码问题，指定为 utf8

create database lizexiong default charset=utf8; 

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/settings.py: 文件代码：
DATABASES = { 
    'default': 
    { 
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',    # 数据库引擎
        'NAME': 'lizexiong', # 数据库名称
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1', # 数据库地址，本机 ip 地址 127.0.0.1 
        'PORT': 3306, # 端口 
        'USER': 'root',  # 数据库用户名
        'PASSWORD': '123456', # 数据库密码
    }  
}  

# 在与 settings.py 同级目录下的 __init__.py 中引入模块和进行配置
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

django-admin startapp TestModel

HelloWorld
|-- HelloWorld
|-- manage.py
...
|-- TestModel
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- admin.py
|   |-- models.py
|   |-- tests.py
|   `-- views.py

#HelloWorld/TestModel/models.py: 文件代码：
# models.py
from django.db import models
 
class Test(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'TestModel',               # 添加此项
)

$ python3 manage.py migrate   # 创建表结构

$ python3 manage.py makemigrations TestModel  # 让 Django 知道我们在我们的模型有一些变更
$ python3 manage.py migrate TestModel   # 创建表结构

Creating tables ...
……
Creating table TestModel_test  #我们自定义的表
……

if version < (1, 3, 13):
    raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)

query = query.encode()

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/urls.py: 文件代码：
from django.urls import path
 
from . import views,testdb
 
urlpatterns = [
    path('lizexiong/', views.lizexiong),
    path('testdb/', testdb.testdb),
]

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/testdb.py: 文件代码：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
from django.http import HttpResponse
 
from TestModel.models import Test
 
# 数据库操作
def testdb(request):
    test1 = Test(name='lizexiong')
    test1.save()
    return HttpResponse("<p>数据添加成功！</p>")

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/testdb.py: 文件代码：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
from django.http import HttpResponse
 
from TestModel.models import Test
 
# 数据库操作
def testdb(request):
    # 初始化
    response = ""
    response1 = ""
    
    
    # 通过objects这个模型管理器的all()获得所有数据行，相当于SQL中的SELECT * FROM
    list = Test.objects.all()
        
    # filter相当于SQL中的WHERE，可设置条件过滤结果
    response2 = Test.objects.filter(id=1) 
    
    # 获取单个对象
    response3 = Test.objects.get(id=1) 
    
    # 限制返回的数据 相当于 SQL 中的 OFFSET 0 LIMIT 2;
    Test.objects.order_by('name')[0:2]
    
    #数据排序
    Test.objects.order_by("id")
    
    # 上面的方法可以连锁使用
    Test.objects.filter(name="lizexiong").order_by("id")
    
    # 输出所有数据
    for var in list:
        response1 += var.name + " "
    response = response1
    return HttpResponse("<p style='color:red;'>" + response + "</p>")

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/testdb.py: 文件代码：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
from django.http import HttpResponse
 
from TestModel.models import Test
 
# 数据库操作
def testdb(request):
    # 修改其中一个id=1的name字段，再save，相当于SQL中的UPDATE
    test1 = Test.objects.get(id=1)
    test1.name = 'Google'
    test1.save()
    
    # 另外一种方式
    #Test.objects.filter(id=1).update(name='Google')
    
    # 修改所有的列
    # Test.objects.all().update(name='Google')
    
    return HttpResponse("<p>修改成功</p>")

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/testdb.py: 文件代码：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
from django.http import HttpResponse
 
from TestModel.models import Test
 
# 数据库操作
def testdb(request):
    # 删除id=1的数据
    test1 = Test.objects.get(id=1)
    test1.delete()
    
    # 另外一种方式
    # Test.objects.filter(id=1).delete()
    
    # 删除所有数据
    # Test.objects.all().delete()
    
    return HttpResponse("<p>删除成功</p>")

from django.db import models

class Person(models.Model):
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)

CREATE TABLE myapp_person (
    "id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    "first_name" varchar(30) NOT NULL,
    "last_name" varchar(30) NOT NULL
);

from django.db import models
class Manufacturer(models.Model):
    # ...
    pass
class Car(models.Model):
    manufacturer = models.ForeignKey(Manufacturer, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

from django.db import models

class Person(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=128)

    def __str__(self):              # __unicode__ on Python 2
        return self.name

class Group(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
    members = models.ManyToManyField(Person, through='Membership')

    def __str__(self):              # __unicode__ on Python 2
        return self.name

class Membership(models.Model):
    person = models.ForeignKey(Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    group = models.ForeignKey(Group, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    date_joined = models.DateField()
    invite_reason = models.CharField(max_length=64)

>>> paul = Person.objects.create(name="Paul McCartney")
>>> beatles = Group.objects.create(name="The Beatles")
>>> m1 = Membership(person=ringo, group=beatles,
...     date_joined=date(1962, 8, 16),
...     invite_reason="Needed a new drummer.")
>>> m1.save()
>>> beatles.members.all()
<QuerySet [<Person: Ringo Starr>]>
>>> ringo.group_set.all()
<QuerySet [<Group: The Beatles>]>
>>> m2 = Membership.objects.create(person=paul, group=beatles,
...     date_joined=date(1960, 8, 1),
...     invite_reason="Wanted to form a band.")
>>> beatles.members.all()
<QuerySet [<Person: Ringo Starr>, <Person: Paul McCartney>]>

>>> beatles.members.add(john, through_defaults={'date_joined': date(1960, 8, 1)})
>>> beatles.members.create(name="George Harrison", through_defaults={'date_joined': date(1960, 8, 1)})
>>> beatles.members.set([john, paul, ringo, george], through_defaults={'date_joined': date(1960, 8, 1)})

>>> Membership.objects.create(person=ringo, group=beatles,
...     date_joined=date(1968, 9, 4),
...     invite_reason="You've been gone for a month and we miss you.")
>>> beatles.members.all()
<QuerySet [<Person: Ringo Starr>, <Person: Paul McCartney>, <Person: Ringo Starr>]>
>>> # This deletes both of the intermediate model instances for Ringo Starr
>>> beatles.members.remove(ringo)
>>> beatles.members.all()
<QuerySet [<Person: Paul McCartney>]>

>>> # Beatles have broken up
>>> beatles.members.clear()
>>> # Note that this deletes the intermediate model instances
>>> Membership.objects.all()
<QuerySet []>

# Find all the groups with a member whose name starts with 'Paul'
>>> Group.objects.filter(members__name__startswith='Paul')
<QuerySet [<Group: The Beatles>]>

# Find all the members of the Beatles that joined after 1 Jan 1961
>>> Person.objects.filter(
...     group__name='The Beatles',
...     membership__date_joined__gt=date(1961,1,1))
<QuerySet [<Person: Ringo Starr]>

>>> ringos_membership = Membership.objects.get(group=beatles, person=ringo)
>>> ringos_membership.date_joined
datetime.date(1962, 8, 16)
>>> ringos_membership.invite_reason
'Needed a new drummer.'

>>> ringos_membership = ringo.membership_set.get(group=beatles)
>>> ringos_membership.date_joined
datetime.date(1962, 8, 16)
>>> ringos_membership.invite_reason
'Needed a new drummer.'

#/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/search.py 文件代码：
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
# 表单
def search_form(request):
    return render(request, 'search_form.html')
 
# 接收请求数据
def search(request):  
    request.encoding='utf-8'
    if 'q' in request.GET and request.GET['q']:
        message = '你搜索的内容为: ' + request.GET['q']
    else:
        message = '你提交了空表单'
    return HttpResponse(message)

#/HelloWorld/templates/search_form.html 文件代码：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>李泽雄</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/search/" method="get">
        <input type="text" name="q">
        <input type="submit" value="搜索">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

#/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/urls.py 文件代码：
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views,testdb,search
 
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^hello/$', views.lizexiong),
    url(r'^testdb/$', testdb.testdb),
    url(r'^search-form/$', search.search_form),
    url(r'^search/$', search.search),
]

#/HelloWorld/templates/post.html 文件代码：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>李泽雄</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/search-post/" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <input type="text" name="q">
        <input type="submit" value="搜索">
    </form>
 
    <p>{{ rlt }}</p>
</body>
</html>

#/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/search2.py 文件代码：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.decorators import csrf
 
# 接收POST请求数据
def search_post(request):
    ctx ={}
    if request.POST:
        ctx['rlt'] = request.POST['q']
    return render(request, "post.html", ctx)

#/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/urls.py 文件代码：
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views,testdb,search,search2
 
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^hello/$', views.hello),
    url(r'^testdb/$', testdb.testdb),
    url(r'^search-form/$', search.search_form),
    url(r'^search/$', search.search),
    url(r'^search-post/$', search2.search_post),
]

HelloWorld
|-- HelloWorld
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- __init__.pyc
|   |-- search.py
|   |-- search.pyc
|   |-- search2.py
|   |-- search2.pyc
|   |-- settings.py
|   |-- settings.pyc
|   |-- testdb.py
|   |-- testdb.pyc
|   |-- urls.py
|   |-- urls.pyc
|   |-- views.py
|   |-- views.pyc
|   |-- wsgi.py
|   `-- wsgi.pyc
|-- TestModel
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- __init__.pyc
|   |-- admin.py
|   |-- admin.pyc
|   |-- apps.py
|   |-- migrations
|   |   |-- 0001_initial.py
|   |   |-- 0001_initial.pyc
|   |   |-- __init__.py
|   |   `-- __init__.pyc
|   |-- models.py
|   |-- models.pyc
|   |-- tests.py
|   `-- views.py
|-- db.sqlite3
|-- manage.py
`-- templates
    |-- base.html
    |-- hello.html
    |-- post.html
    `-- search_form.html

from django.http import HttpResponse

def lizexiong(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello world")

#实例
def lizexiong(request):
    name = request.GET.get("name")
    return HttpResponse('姓名：{}'.format(name))

#实例
def lizexiong(request):
    name = request.POST.get("name")
    return HttpResponse('姓名：{}'.format(name))

#实例
def lizexiong(request):
    name = request.body
    print(name)
    return HttpResponse("李泽雄")

#实例
def lizexiong(request):
    name = request.path
    print(name)
    return HttpResponse("李泽雄")

#实例
def lizexiong(request):
    name = request.method
    print(name)
    return HttpResponse("李泽雄")

def lizexiong(request):
    # return HttpResponse("李泽雄")
    return HttpResponse("<a href='https://www.lizexiong.com/'>李泽雄</a>")

def lizexiong(request):
    name ="李泽雄"
    return render(request,"lizexiong.html",{"name":name})

def lizexiong(request):
    return redirect("/index/")

#实例
from django.conf.urls import url # 用 url 需要引入

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/$', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^index/$', views.index), # 普通路径
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.articles), # 正则路径
]

#实例
from django.urls import re_path # 用re_path 需要引入
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('index/', views.index), # 普通路径
    re_path(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.articles), # 正则路径
]

#urls.py
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    re_path("^index/([0-9]{4})/$", views.index),
]

#views.py
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

def index(request, year):
    print(year) # 一个形参代表路径中一个分组的内容，按顺序匹配
    return HttpResponse('李泽雄')

(?P<组名>正则表达式)

#urls.py
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    re_path("^index/(?P[0-9]{4})/(?P[0-9]{2})/$", views.index),
]

#views.py
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
def index(request, year, month):
    print(year,month) # 一个形参代表路径中一个分组的内容，按关键字对应匹配
    return HttpResponse('李泽雄')

#实例
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include # 从 django.urls 引入 include
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path("app01/", include("app01.urls")),
    path("app02/", include("app02.urls")),
]

from django.urls import path,re_path 
from app01 import views # 从自己的 app 目录引入 views 
urlpatterns = [ 
    re_path(r'^login/(?P<m>[0-9]{2})/$', views.index, ),
]

from django.urls import path,re_path
from app02 import views # 从自己的 app 目录引入views 
urlpatterns = [ 
    re_path("^xxx/(?P[0-9]{4})/$", views.xxx), 
]

path("login1/", views.login, name="login")

return redirect(reverse("login"))

<form action="{% url 'login' %}" method="post">

re_path(r"^login/([0-9]{2})/$", views.login, name="login")

return redirect(reverse("login",args=(10,)))

<form action="{% url 'login' 10 %}" method="post">

re_path(r"^login/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/$", views.login, name="login")

return redirect(reverse("login",kwargs={"year":3333}))

<form action="{% url 'login' year=3333 %}" method="post">

include(("app名称：urls"，"app名称"))

path("app01/", include(("app01.urls","app01")))
path("app02/", include(("app02.urls","app02")))

path("login/", views.login, name="login")

reverse("app名称：路由别名")

return redirect(reverse("app01:login")

{% url "app名称：路由别名" %}

<form action="{% url 'app01:login' %}" method="post">

#/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/settings.py 文件代码：
INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
)

#/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/urls.py 文件代码：
# urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
 
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

C:\Users\zexiong.li\HelloWorld>python manage.py createsuperuser
Username: admin
Email address:
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.

#HelloWorld/TestModel/admin.py: 文件代码：
from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test
 
# Register your models here.
admin.site.register(Test)

#HelloWorld/TestModel/models.py: 文件代码：
from django.db import models
 
# Create your models here.
class Test(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
 
class Contact(models.Model):
    name   = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    age    = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    email  = models.EmailField()
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name
 
class Tag(models.Model):
    contact = models.ForeignKey(Contact, on_delete=models.CASCADE,)
    name    = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

#HelloWorld/TestModel/admin.py: 文件代码：
from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag
 
# Register your models here.
admin.site.register([Test, Contact, Tag])

#HelloWorld/TestModel/admin.py: 文件代码：
from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag
 
# Register your models here.
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = ('name', 'email')
 
admin.site.register(Contact, ContactAdmin)
admin.site.register([Test, Tag])

#HelloWorld/TestModel/admin.py: 文件代码：
from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag
 
# Register your models here.
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = (
        ['Main',{
            'fields':('name','email'),
        }],
        ['Advance',{
            'classes': ('collapse',), # CSS
            'fields': ('age',),
        }]
    )
 
admin.site.register(Contact, ContactAdmin)
admin.site.register([Test, Tag])

#HelloWorld/TestModel/admin.py: 文件代码：
from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag
 
# Register your models here.
class TagInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = Tag
 
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [TagInline]  # Inline
    fieldsets = (
        ['Main',{
            'fields':('name','email'),
        }],
        ['Advance',{
            'classes': ('collapse',),
            'fields': ('age',),
        }]
 
    )
 
admin.site.register(Contact, ContactAdmin)
admin.site.register([Test])

#HelloWorld/TestModel/admin.py: 文件代码：
from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag
 
# Register your models here.
class TagInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = Tag
 
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name','age', 'email') # list
    inlines = [TagInline]  # Inline
    fieldsets = (
        ['Main',{
            'fields':('name','email'),
        }],
        ['Advance',{
            'classes': ('collapse',),
            'fields': ('age',),
        }]
 
    )
 
admin.site.register(Contact, ContactAdmin)
admin.site.register([Test])

#HelloWorld/TestModel/admin.py: 文件代码：
from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag
 
# Register your models here.
class TagInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = Tag
 
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name','age', 'email') # list
    search_fields = ('name',)
    inlines = [TagInline]  # Inline
    fieldsets = (
        ['Main',{
            'fields':('name','email'),
        }],
        ['Advance',{
            'classes': ('collapse',),
            'fields': ('age',),
        }]
 
    )
 
admin.site.register(Contact, ContactAdmin)
admin.site.register([Test])

django-admin startproject app01

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01',               # 添加此项
)

# 在与 settings.py 同级目录下的 __init__.py 中引入模块和进行配置
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

#app01/models.py
from django.db import models
class Book(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) # id 会自动创建,可以手动写入
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 书籍名称
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2) # 书籍价格
    publish = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 出版社名称
    pub_date = models.DateField() # 出版时间

$ python3 manage.py migrate   # 创建表结构

$ python3 manage.py makemigrations app01  # 让 Django 知道我们在我们的模型有一些变更
$ python3 manage.py migrate app01   # 创建表结构

if version < (1, 3, 13):
    raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)

app01
|-- app01
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- __pycache__
|   |-- asgi.py
|   |-- migrations
|   |-- models.py
|   |-- settings.py
|   |-- urls.py
|   |-- views.py
|   `-- wsgi.py

#app01/urls.py: 文件代码：
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from . import views
 
urlpatterns = [
    path('add_book/', views.add_book),
]

from app 目录 import models

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models 
def add_book(request):
    book = models.Book(title="李泽雄",price=300,publish="小家电维修",pub_date="2008-8-8") 
    book.save()
    return HttpResponse("<p>数据添加成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models 
def add_book(request):
    books = models.Book.objects.create(title="如来神掌",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="2010-10-10") 
    print(books, type(books)) # Book object (18) 
    return HttpResponse("<p>数据添加成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models 
def add_book(request):
    books = models.Book.objects.all() 
    print(books,type(books)) # QuerySet类型，类似于list，访问 url 时数据显示在命令行窗口中。
    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models
def add_book(request):
    books = models.Book.objects.all()
    print(books,type(books)) # QuerySet类型，类似于list，访问 url 时数据显示在命令行窗口中。
    for i in books:
        print (i.title)
    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models
def add_book(request):
    books = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=5)
    print(books)
    print("//////////////////////////////////////")
    books = models.Book.objects.filter(publish='菜鸟出版社', price=300)
    print(books, type(books))  # QuerySet类型，类似于list。
    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models
def add_book(request):
    books = models.Book.objects.exclude(pk=5)
    print(books)
    print("//////////////////////////////////////")
    books = models.Book.objects.exclude(publish='小家电维修', price=300)
    print(books, type(books))  # QuerySet类型，类似于list。
    for i in books:
        print (i.title)
    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models 
def add_book(request):
    books = models.Book.objects.get(pk=2)
    books = models.Book.objects.get(pk=18)  # 报错，没有符合条件的对象
    books = models.Book.objects.get(price=200)  # 报错，符合条件的对象超过一个
    print(books, type(books))  # 模型类的对象
    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models
def add_book(request):
    books = models.Book.objects.order_by("price") # 查询所有，按照价格升序排列
    for i in books:
        print (i.title)
    books = models.Book.objects.order_by("-price") # 查询所有，按照价格降序排列
    for i in books:
        print (i.title)
    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models
def add_book(request):
    # 按照价格升序排列：降序再反转
    books = models.Book.objects.order_by("-price").reverse()
    for i in books:
        print (i.title)
    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models
def add_book(request):
    books = models.Book.objects.count() # 查询所有数据的数量
    print ("all_books",books)
    books = models.Book.objects.filter(price=200).count() # 查询符合条件数据的数量
    print ("book=200",books)
    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models
def add_book(request):
    books = models.Book.objects.first() # 返回所有数据的第一条数据
    print (books.title)
    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models
def add_book(request):
    books = models.Book.objects.last() # 返回所有数据的最后一条数据
    print (books.title)
    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models
def add_book(request):
    books = models.Book.objects.exists()
    print ("1:",books)
    # # 报错，判断的数据类型只能为QuerySet类型数据，不能为整型
    # books = models.Book.objects.count().exists()
    # print ("2:",books)
    # # 报错，判断的数据类型只能为QuerySet类型数据，不能为模型类对象
    # books = models.Book.objects.first().exists()
    # print ("3:",books)
    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models
def add_book(request):
    # 查询所有的id字段和price字段的数据
    books = models.Book.objects.values("pk","price")
    print(books[0]["price"],type(books)) # 得到的是第一条记录的price字段的数据
    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models
def add_book(request):
    # 查询所有的price字段和publish字段的数据
    books = models.Book.objects.values_list("price","publish")
    print(books)
    print(books[0][0],type(books)) # 得到的是第一条记录的price字段的数据
    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models
def add_book(request):
    # 查询一共有多少个出版社
    books = models.Book.objects.values_list("publish").distinct() # 对模型类的对象去重没有意义，因为每个对象都是一个不一样的存在。
    books = models.Book.objects.distinct()
    print (books)
    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models
def add_book(request):
    # 查询价格为200或者300的数据
    books = models.Book.objects.filter(price__in=[200,300])
    print (books)
    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

# 查询价格大于200的数据
books = models.Book.objects.filter(price__gt=200)

# 查询价格大于等于200的数据
books = models.Book.objects.filter(price__gte=200)

# 查询价格小于300的数据
books=models.Book.objects.filter(price__lt=300)

# 查询价格小于等于300的数据
books=models.Book.objects.filter(price__lte=300)

books=models.Book.objects.filter(price__range=[200,300])

books=models.Book.objects.filter(title__contains="菜")

books=models.Book.objects.filter(title__icontains="python") # 不区分大小写

books=models.Book.objects.filter(title__startswith="菜")

books=models.Book.objects.filter(title__endswith="雄")

books=models.Book.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2008)

books=models.Book.objects.filter(pub_date__month=10)

books=models.Book.objects.filter(pub_date__day=01)

books=models.Book.objects.filter(pk=8).first().delete()

books=models.Book.objects.filter(pk__in=[1,2]).delete()

books=models.Book.objects.delete()　 # 报错
books=models.Book.objects.all().delete()　　 # 删除成功

模型类的对象.属性 = 更改的属性值
模型类的对象.save()

books = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=7).first() 
books.price = 400 
books.save()

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01 import models
def add_book(request):
    books = models.Book.objects.filter(pk__in=[7,8]).update(price=888)
    return HttpResponse(books)

class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
    pub_date = models.DateField()
    publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author")


class Publish(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    email = models.EmailField()


class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.SmallIntegerField()
    au_detail = models.OneToOneField("AuthorDetail", on_delete=models.CASCADE)


class AuthorDetail(models.Model):
    gender_choices = (
        (0, "女"),
        (1, "男"),
        (2, "保密"),
    )
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=gender_choices)
    tel = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    addr = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    birthday = models.DateField()

insert into app01_publish(name,city,email) values ("华山出版社", "华山", "hs@163.com"), ("明教出版社", "黑木崖", "mj@163.com")
 
# 先插入 authordetail 表中多数据
insert into app01_authordetail(gender,tel,addr,birthday) values (1,13432335433,"华山","1994-5-23"), (1,13943454554,"黑木崖","1961-8-13"), (0,13878934322,"黑木崖","1996-5-20") 

# 再将数据插入 author，这样 author 才能找到 authordetail 
insert into app01_author(name,age,au_detail_id) values ("令狐冲",25,1), ("任我行",58,2), ("任盈盈",23,3)

#app01/views.py 文件代码：
def add_book(request):
    #  获取出版社对象
    pub_obj = models.Publish.objects.filter(pk=1).first()
    #  给书籍的出版社属性publish传出版社对象
    book = models.Book.objects.create(title="李泽雄", price=200, pub_date="2010-10-10", publish=pub_obj)
    print(book, type(book))
    return HttpResponse(book)

#app01/views.py 文件代码：
def add_book(request):
    #  获取出版社对象
    pub_obj = models.Publish.objects.filter(pk=1).first()
    #  获取出版社对象的id
    pk = pub_obj.pk
    #  给书籍的关联出版社字段 publish_id 传出版社对象的id
    book = models.Book.objects.create(title="冲灵剑法", price=100, pub_date="2004-04-04", publish_id=pk)
    print(book, type(book))
    return HttpResponse(book)

#app01/views.py 文件代码：
def add_book(request):
    #  获取作者对象
    chong = models.Author.objects.filter(name="令狐冲").first()
    ying = models.Author.objects.filter(name="任盈盈").first()
    #  获取书籍对象
    book = models.Book.objects.filter(title="李泽雄").first()
    #  给书籍对象的 authors 属性用 add 方法传作者对象
    book.authors.add(chong, ying)
    return HttpResponse(book)

#app01/views.py 文件代码：
def add_book(request):
    #  获取作者对象
    chong = models.Author.objects.filter(name="令狐冲").first()
    #  获取作者对象的id
    pk = chong.pk
    #  获取书籍对象
    book = models.Book.objects.filter(title="冲灵剑法").first()
    #  给书籍对象的 authors 属性用 add 方法传作者对象的id
    book.authors.add(pk)

正向：属性名
反向：小写类名加 _set

# 方式一：传对象
#这个例子在上面演示中已经关联了，就不演示了
book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(id=1)
author_list = models.Author.objects.filter(id__gt=2)
book_obj.authors.add(*author_list)  # 将 id 大于2的作者对象添加到这本书的作者集合中
# 方式二：传对象 id
book_obj.authors.add(*[1,3]) # 将 id=1 和 id=3 的作者对象添加到这本书的作者集合中
return HttpResponse("ok")

ying = models.Author.objects.filter(name="任盈盈").first()
book = models.Book.objects.filter(title="冲灵剑法").first()
ying.book_set.add(book)
return HttpResponse("ok")

pub = models.Publish.objects.filter(name="明教出版社").first()
wo = models.Author.objects.filter(name="任我行").first()
book = wo.book_set.create(title="吸星大法", price=300, pub_date="1999-9-19", publish=pub)
print(book, type(book))
return HttpResponse("ok")

author_obj =models.Author.objects.get(id=1)
book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(id=11)
author_obj.book_set.remove(book_obj)
return HttpResponse("ok")

#  清空独孤九剑关联的所有作者
book = models.Book.objects.filter(title="李泽雄").first()
book.authors.clear()

正向：属性名称
反向：小写类名_set

book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=1).first()
res = book.publish.city
print(res, type(res))
return HttpResponse("ok")

pub = models.Publish.objects.filter(name="明教出版社").first()
res = pub.book_set.all()
for i in res:
    print(i.title)
return HttpResponse("ok")

author = models.Author.objects.filter(name="令狐冲").first()
res = author.au_detail.tel
print(res, type(res))
return HttpResponse("ok")

addr = models.AuthorDetail.objects.filter(addr="黑木崖").first()
res = addr.author.name
print(res, type(res))
return HttpResponse("ok")

book = models.Book.objects.filter(title="李泽雄").first()
res = book.authors.all()
for i in res:
    print(i.name, i.au_detail.tel)
return HttpResponse("ok")

author = models.Author.objects.filter(name="任我行").first()
res = author.book_set.all()
for i in res:
    print(i.title)
return HttpResponse("ok")

res = models.Book.objects.filter(publish__name="明教出版社").values_list("title", "price")

res = models.Publish.objects.filter(name="明教出版社").values_list("book__title","book__price")
return HttpResponse("ok")

res = models.Book.objects.filter(authors__name="任我行").values_list("title")

res = models.Author.objects.filter(name="任我行").values_list("book__title")

res = models.Author.objects.filter(name="任我行").values_list("au_detail__tel")

res = models.AuthorDetail.objects.filter(author__name="任我行").values_list("tel")

from django.db.models import Avg,Max,Min,Count,Sum  #   引入函数

aggregate(别名 = 聚合函数名("属性名称"))

from django.db.models import Avg,Max,Min,Count,Sum  #   引入函数
...
res = models.Book.objects.aggregate(Avg("price"))
print(res, type(res))
...

res=models.Book.objects.aggregate(c=Count("id"),max=Max("price"),min=Min("price"))
print(res,type(res))

from django.db.models import Avg,Max,Min,Count,Sum  #   引入函数

#models.py
class Emp(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    salary = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2)
    dep = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    province = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class Emps(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    salary =     models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2)
    dep = models.ForeignKey("Dep", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    province = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Dep(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

INSERT INTO `app01_emp` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `dep`, `province`) VALUES ('1', '令狐冲', '24', '6000.00', '销售部', '河南'); INSERT INTO `app01_emp` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `dep`, `province`) VALUES ('2', '任盈盈', '18', '8000.00', '关公部', '广东'); INSERT INTO `app01_emp` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `dep`, `province`) VALUES ('3', '任我行', '56', '10000.00', '销售部', '广东'); INSERT INTO `app01_emp` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `dep`, `province`) VALUES ('4', '岳灵珊', '19', '6000.00', '关公部', '河南'); INSERT INTO `app01_emp` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `dep`, `province`) VALUES ('5', '小龙女', '20', '8000.00', '关公部', '河北'); INSERT INTO `app01_dep` (`id`, `title`) VALUES ('1', '销售部'); 
INSERT INTO `app01_dep` (`id`, `title`) VALUES ('2', '关公部'); 
INSERT INTO `app01_emps` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `province`, `dep_id`) VALUES ('2', '令狐冲', '24', '8000.00', '河南', '1'); 
INSERT INTO `app01_emps` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `province`, `dep_id`) VALUES ('3', '任盈盈', '18', '9000.00', '广东', '2'); 
INSERT INTO `app01_emps` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `province`, `dep_id`) VALUES ('4', '任我行', '57', '10000.00', '广东', '1');
INSERT INTO `app01_emps` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `province`, `dep_id`) VALUES ('5', '岳灵珊', '19', '6000.00', '河南', '2');
INSERT INTO `app01_emps` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `province`, `dep_id`) VALUES ('6', '小龙女', '20', '8000.00', '河北', '2');

res = models.Publish.objects.values("name").annotate(in_price = Min("book__price"))
print(res)

<QuerySet [{'name': '华山出版社', 'in_price': Decimal('100.00')}, {'name': '明教出版社', 'in_price': Decimal('300.00')}]>

res = models.Book.objects.annotate(c = Count("authors__name")).values("title","c")
print(res)

<QuerySet [{'title': '李泽雄', 'c': 2}, {'title': '冲灵剑法', 'c': 2}, {'title': '吸星大法', 'c': 1}]>

res = models.Book.objects.filter(title__startswith="李").annotate(c = Count("authors__name")).values("title","c")
print(res)

res = models.Book.objects.annotate(c = Count("authors__name")).filter(c__gt=0).values("title","c")
print(res)

res = models.Book.objects.annotate(c = Count("authors__name")).order_by("-c").values("title","c")
print(res)

res = models.Author.objects.annotate(all = Sum("book__price")).values("name","all")
print(res)

from django.db.models import F

F("字段名称")

from django.db.models import F
...
book=models.Emp.objects.filter(salary__gt=F("age")).values("name","age")
...

res = models.Book.objects.update(price=F("price")+100)
print(res)

from django.db.models import Q

Q(条件判断)

Q(title__startswith="李")

...
res=models.Book.objects.filter(Q(price__gt=350)|Q(title__startswith="李")).values("title","price")
print(res)
...

res = models.Book.objects.filter(Q(title__endswith="雄") | ~Q(Q(pub_date__year=2010) & Q(pub_date__month=10)))
print(res) 

res = models.Book.objects.filter(Q(pub_date__year=2014) | Q(pub_date__year=1999), title__contains="泽")
print(res) 

from django import forms

#app01/My_forms.py
from django import forms
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from app01 import models

class EmpForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="姓名", error_messages={"min_length": "你太短了", "required": "该字段不能为空!"})
    age = forms.IntegerField(label="年龄")
    salary = forms.DecimalField(label="工资")

#app01/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from app01.My_Forms import EmpForm
from app01 import models
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
# Create your views here.


def add_emp(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = EmpForm()
        return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form": form})
    else:
        form = EmpForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():  # 进行数据校验
            # 校验成功
            data = form.cleaned_data  # 校验成功的值，会放在cleaned_data里。
            data.pop('r_salary')
            print(data)

            models.Emp.objects.create(**data)
            return HttpResponse(
                'ok'
            )
            # return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form": form})
        else:
            print(form.errors)    # 打印错误信息
            clean_errors = form.errors.get("__all__")
            print(222, clean_errors)
        return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form": form, "clean_errors": clean_errors})

path('add_emp/', views.add_emp)

#app01/add_emp.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
 
<h3>添加员工</h3>
 
{#1、自己手动写HTML页面#}
<form action="" method="post">
    <p>姓名：<input type="text" name="name"></p>
    <p>年龄：<input type="text" name="age"></p>
    <p>工资：<input type="text" name="salary"></p>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
 
{#2、通过form对象的as_p方法实现#}
{#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}
{#    {% csrf_token %}#}
{#    {{ form.as_p }}#}
{#    <input type="submit">#}
{#</form>#}
 
{#3、手动获取form对象的字段#}
{#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}
{#    {% csrf_token %}#}
{#    <div>#}
{#        <label for="id_{{ form.name.name }}">姓名</label>#}
{#        {{ form.name }} <span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>#}
{#    </div>#}
{#    <div>#}
{#        <label for="id_{{ form.age.name }}">年龄</label>#}
{#        {{ form.age }} <span>{{ form.age.errors.0 }}</span>#}
{#    </div>#}
{#    <div>#}
{#        <label for="id_salary">工资</label>#}
{#        {{ form.salary }} <span>{{ form.salary.errors.0 }}</span>#}
{#    </div>#}
{#    <input type="submit">#}
{#</form>#}
 
 
{#4、用for循环展示所有字段#}
{#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}
{#    {% csrf_token %}#}
{#    {% for field in form %}#}
{#        <div>#}
{#            <label for="id_{{ field.name }}">{{ field.label }}</label>#}
{#            {{ field }} <span>{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>#}
{#        </div>#}
{#    {% endfor %}#}
{#    <input type="submit">#}
{#</form>#}
 
</body>
</html>

#app01/My_forms.py
from django import forms
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from app01 import models
class EmpForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(min_length=5, label="姓名", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空!",
                                                                     "min_length": "用户名太短。"})
    age = forms.IntegerField(label="年龄")
    salary = forms.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, label="工资")
    r_salary = forms.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, label="请再输入工资")


    def clean_name(self):  # 局部钩子
        val = self.cleaned_data.get("name")


        if val.isdigit():
            raise ValidationError("用户名不能是纯数字")
        elif models.Emp.objects.filter(name=val):
            raise ValidationError("用户名已存在！")
        else:
            return val

    def clean(self):  # 全局钩子 确认两次输入的工资是否一致。
        val = self.cleaned_data.get("salary")
        r_val = self.cleaned_data.get("r_salary")


        if val == r_val:
            return self.cleaned_data
        else:
            raise ValidationError("请确认工资是否一致。")

#app01/views.py
def add_emp(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = EmpForm()  # 初始化form对象
        return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form":form})
    else:
        form = EmpForm(request.POST)  # 将数据传给form对象
        if form.is_valid():  # 进行校验
            data = form.cleaned_data
            data.pop("r_salary")
            models.Emp.objects.create(**data)
            return redirect("/index/")
        else:  # 校验失败
            clear_errors = form.errors.get("__all__")  # 获取全局钩子错误信息
            return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form": form, "clear_errors": clear_errors})

#app01/add_emp.html
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div>
        <label for="id_{{ form.name.name }}">姓名</label>
        {{ form.name }} <span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="id_{{ form.age.name }}">年龄</label>
        {{ form.age }} <span>{{ form.age.errors.0 }}</span>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="id_salary">工资</label>
        {{ form.salary }} <span>{{ form.salary.errors.0 }}{{ clear_errors.0 }}</span>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="id_r_salary">请再输入工资</label>
        {{ form.r_salary }} <span>{{ form.r_salary.errors.0 }}{{ clear_errors.0 }}</span>
    </div>
    <input type="submit">
</form>

# 认证模块
from django.contrib import auth

# 对应数据库
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

from django.contrib.auth.models import User 
User.objects.create(username='lizexiong',password='123')

from django.contrib.auth.models import User 
User.objects.create_user(username='lizexiong',password='123')

from django.contrib.auth.models import User 
User.objects.create_superuser(username='lizexiong',password='123',email='lizexiong@163.com')

from django.contrib import auth

def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "login.html")
    username = request.POST.get("username")
    password = request.POST.get("pwd")
    valid_num = request.POST.get("valid_num")
    keep_str = request.session.get("keep_str")
    if keep_str.upper() == valid_num.upper():
        user_obj = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password)
        print(user_obj.username)

from django.contrib import auth

def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "login.html")
    username = request.POST.get("username")
    password = request.POST.get("pwd")
    valid_num = request.POST.get("valid_num")
    keep_str = request.session.get("keep_str")
    if keep_str.upper() == valid_num.upper():
        user_obj = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password)
        print(user_obj.username)
        if not user_obj:
            return redirect("/login/")
        else:

            auth.login(request, user_obj)
            path = request.GET.get("next") or "/index/"
            print(path)
            return redirect(path)
    else:
        return redirect("/login/")

from django.contrib import auth

def logout(request):
    ppp = auth.logout(request)
    print(ppp) # None
    return redirect("/login/")

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required 
@login_required
def index(request):
  return HttpResponse("index页面。。。")

# 如果直接输入 login、get() 就取不到值，path 可以自定义设置返回的页面
path = request.GET.get("next") or "/index/"
return redirect(path)

rep.set_cookie(key,value,...)
rep.set_signed_cookie(key,value,salt='加密盐',...)

request.COOKIES.get(key)

rep =HttpResponse || render || redirect
rep.delete_cookie(key)

#models.py
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
#表创建后，自己手动去插入一条用户名和密码
insert into cookie_userinfo values ('1','lizexiong','123');

#urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from cookie import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('login/', views.login),
    path('index/', views.index),
    path('logout/', views.logout),
path('order/', views.order)
]

#views.py
def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "login.html")
    username = request.POST.get("username")
    password = request.POST.get("pwd")

    user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username, password=password).first()
    print(user_obj.username)

    if not user_obj:
        return redirect("/login/")
    else:
        rep = redirect("/index/")
        rep.set_cookie("is_login", True)
        return rep
       
def index(request):
    print(request.COOKIES.get('is_login'))
    status = request.COOKIES.get('is_login') # 收到浏览器的再次请求,判断浏览器携带的cookie是不是登录成功的时候响应的 cookie
    if not status:
        return redirect('/login/')
    return render(request, "index.html")


def logout(request):
    rep = redirect('/login/')
    rep.delete_cookie("is_login")
    return rep # 点击注销后执行,删除cookie,不再保存用户状态，并弹到登录页面
   
def order(request):
    print(request.COOKIES.get('is_login'))
    status = request.COOKIES.get('is_login')
    if not status:
        return redirect('/login/')
    return render(request, "order.html")

#login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
 
<h3>用户登录</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <p>用户名： <input type="text" name="username"></p>
    <p>密码： <input type="password" name="pwd"></p>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
 
 
</body>
</html>

#index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
 
 
<h2>index 页面。。。</h2>
 
 
<a href="/logout/">注销</a>
 
</body>
</html>

#order.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
 
 
<h2>order 页面。。。</h2>
 
 
<a href="/logout/">注销</a>
 
</body>
</html>

request.session["key"] = value

request.session.get('key')

request.session.flush()

del request.session["key"]

#urls.py
from session import views as session_views

urlpatterns = [
    path('session_login/', session_views.login),
    path('s_index/', session_views.s_index),
    path('s_logout/', session_views.s_logout),
]

#views.py
def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "login.html")
    username = request.POST.get("username")
    password = request.POST.get("pwd")

    user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username, password=password).first()
    print(user_obj.username)

    if not user_obj:
        return redirect("/session_login/")
    else:
        request.session['is_login'] = True
        request.session['user1'] = username
        return redirect("/s_index/")


def s_index(request):
    status = request.session.get('is_login')
    if not status:
        return redirect('/session_login/')
    return render(request, "s_index.html")


def s_logout(request):
   # del request.session["is_login"] # 删除session_data里的一组键值对
    request.session.flush() # 删除一条记录包括(session_key session_data expire_date)三个字段
    return redirect('/session_login/')

#s_index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>session_index 页面。。。{{ request.session.user1 }}</h2>
<a href="/s_logout/">注销</a>
</body>
</html>

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

process_request(self,request)
process_view(self, request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs)
process_exception(self, request, exception)
process_response(self, request, response)

from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin

class MD1(MiddlewareMixin):
    pass

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
   
    'app01.middlewares.MD1',
]

from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
class MD1(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_request(self, request):
       print("md1  process_request 方法。", id(request)) #在视图之前执行

class MD1(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_request(self, request):
        print("md1  process_request 方法。", id(request)) #在视图之前执行


    def process_response(self,request, response): :#基于请求响应
        print("md1  process_response 方法！", id(request)) #在视图之后
        return response

process_view(request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs)

class MD1(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_request(self, request):
        print("md1  process_request 方法。", id(request)) #在视图之前执行


    def process_response(self,request, response): :#基于请求响应
        print("md1  process_response 方法！", id(request)) #在视图之后
        return response


    def process_view(self,request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs):
        print("md1  process_view 方法！") #在视图之前执行 顺序执行
        #return view_func(request)

process_exception(request, exception)

class MD1(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_request(self, request):
        print("md1  process_request 方法。", id(request)) #在视图之前执行

    def process_response(self,request, response): :#基于请求响应
        print("md1  process_response 方法！", id(request)) #在视图之后
        return response

    def process_view(self,request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs):
        print("md1  process_view 方法！") #在视图之前执行 顺序执行
        #return view_func(request)


    def process_exception(self, request, exception):#引发错误 才会触发这个方法
        print("md1  process_exception 方法！")
        # return HttpResponse(exception) #返回错误信息

#urls.py 文件
urlpatterns = [
    path("login/", views.login),
]

#views.py 文件
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return HttpResponse("GET 方法")
    if request.method == "POST":
        user = request.POST.get("user")
        pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
        if user == "lizexiong" and pwd == "123456":
            return HttpResponse("POST 方法")
        else:
            return HttpResponse("POST 方法1")

GET 方法

from django.views import View

#urls.py 文件
urlpatterns = [
    path("login/", views.Login.as_view()),
]

#views.py 文件
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.views import View

class Login(View):
    def get(self,request):
        return HttpResponse("GET 方法")

    def post(self,request):
        user = request.POST.get("user")
        pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
        if user == "lizexiong" and pwd == "123456":
            return HttpResponse("POST 方法")
        else:
            return HttpResponse("POST 方法 1")

GET 方法

yum groupinstall "Development tools"
yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel

cd ~
wget http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.5/Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2
tar xvf Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2
cd Python-2.7.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make altinstall

cd ~
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz
tar xf distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz
cd distribute-0.6.49
python2.7 setup.py install
easy_install --version

pip install uwsgi
uwsgi --version    # 查看 uwsgi 版本

def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return "Hello World"

uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py

pip install django

django-admin.py startproject demosite
cd demosite
python2.7 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002

[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:9090
master = true         //主进程
vhost = true          //多站模式
no-site = true        //多站模式时不设置入口模块和文件
workers = 2           //子进程数
reload-mercy = 10     
vacuum = true         //退出、重启时清理文件
max-requests = 1000   
limit-as = 512
buffer-size = 30000
pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid    //pid文件，用于下面的脚本启动、停止该进程
daemonize = /website/uwsgi9090.log

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        
        location / {            
            include  uwsgi_params;
            uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9090;              //必须和uwsgi中的设置一致
            uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT demosite.wsgi;  //入口文件，即wsgi.py相对于项目根目录的位置，“.”相当于一层目录
            uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /demosite;       //项目根目录
            index  index.html index.htm;
            client_max_body_size 35m;
        }
    }

uwsgi --ini /etc/uwsgi9090.ini &
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx