AI 学习笔记
AI 学习笔记
机器学习简介
Different types of Functions
Regression : The function outputs a scalar(标量）.
- predict the PM2.5
Classification ： Given options (classes), the function outputs the correct one.
- Spam filtering
Structured Learning ： create something with structure(image, document)
Example : YouTube Channel
1.Function with Unknown Parameters.
\[y=b+wx_1
\]
2.Define Loss from Training Data
- Loss is a function of parameters
\[L(b,w)
\]
- Loss : how good a set of values is.
- L is mean absolute error (MAE)
\[e=\left | y-\hat{y} \right |
\]
- L is mean square error (MSE)
\[e=(y-\hat{y})^2
\]
\[L=\frac{1}{N} \sum_{n}^{}e_n
\]
3.Optimization
\[w^*,b^*=arg\,\min_{w,b} \,L
\]
Gradient Descent
- (Randomly) Pick an initial value ：
\[w^0
\]
- Compute :
\[\frac {\partial L} {\partial w} |_{w=w_0}
\]
Negative : Increase w
Positive : Decrease w
\[\eta\frac {\partial L} {\partial w} |_{w=w_0}
\]
η：learning rate (hyperparameters)
- Update w iteratively
- Local minima
- global minima
类似一个参数，推广到多个参数。
Linear Models
Linear models have severe limitation. Model Bias.
We need a more flexible model!
curve = constant + sum of a set of Hard Sigmoid Function
\[y=c\frac {1} {1+exp(-(b+wx_1))} \\
=csigmoid(b+wx_1)
\]
\[y=b+\sum_{i}sigmoid(b_i+w_ix_i)
\]
\[y=b+\sum_{i}sigmoid(b_i+\sum_{j}w_{ij}x_j)
\]
线性代数角度：
\[r=b+Wx
\]
\[a=\sigma(r)
\]
\[y=b+c^Ta
\]
Loss
- Loss is a function of parameters L(θ)
- Loss means how good a set of values is.
Optimization of New Model
\[\theta=
\begin{bmatrix}
\theta_1 \\
\theta_2 \\
\theta_3 \\
\dots
\end{bmatrix}
\]
\[\theta=arg \min_\theta L
\]
- (Randomly) Pick initial values θ^0
1 epoch = see all the batched once
update : update θ for each batch
Sigmoid -> ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit)
统称为 Activation function
Neural Network
