python大作业-图形化关于散点图拟合曲线
import numpy as np
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
def plot_data(x, y, ax):
# 绘制散点图
ax.scatter(x, y, label="Data Points")
def plot_fit(x, y, ax):
# 多项式函数拟合
coef = np.polyfit(x, y, 3)
poly = np.poly1d(coef)
x_fit = np.linspace(x.min(), x.max(), 100)
y_fit = poly(x_fit)
# 绘制拟合曲线
ax.plot(x_fit, y_fit, label="Curve Fit")
# 添加图例和标签
ax.legend()
ax.set_xlabel("X")
ax.set_ylabel("Y")
def plot_curve():
# 从输入框中获取x和y数据
x_str = entry_x.get().split(",")
y_str = entry_y.get().split(",")
# 检查输入的数据是否合法
if len(x_str) != len(y_str):
messagebox.showerror("错误", "x和y数据长度不一致！")
return
try:
x = np.array([float(i) for i in x_str])
y = np.array([float(i) for i in y_str])
except ValueError:
messagebox.showerror("错误", "请输入合法的数值！")
return
# 清空画布上的内容
fig.clear()
# 绘制散点图和拟合曲线
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
plot_data(x, y, ax)
plot_fit(x, y, ax)
# 更新画布
canvas.draw()
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("曲线拟合")
# 添加标签和输入框
label_x = tk.Label(root, text="x数据：")
label_x.grid(row=0, column=0)
entry_x = tk.Entry(root)
entry_x.grid(row=0, column=1)
label_y = tk.Label(root, text="y数据：")
label_y.grid(row=1, column=0)
entry_y = tk.Entry(root)
entry_y.grid(row=1, column=1)
# 添加按钮
button = tk.Button(root, text="绘制曲线", command=plot_curve)
button.grid(row=2, column=1, pady=10)
# 添加画布
fig = Figure()
canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=root)
canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2)
tk.mainloop()
//使用方法：输入x y数据中间需要用逗号隔开。