Git工具 .ignore编写规范
前言
Git是目前开发中使用最多、功能最强的代码版本管理工具，能够高效地使用它是程序开发人员非常重要的一个课题，今天这里主要总结下.gitignore文件的编写方法，之前并没有太关注这一块，现在补回来。在我看来，每次提交代码的时候要取消勾选大量的文件实在是一种噩梦。
文件语法
为了准确性和权威性，我直接将Git官网上对gitigore相关的语法复制过来了，方便大家对照查阅。
PATTERN FORMAT
A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a separator for readability.
空行
A line starting with # serves as a comment. Put a backslash ("\") in front of the first hash for patterns that begin with a hash.
Trailing spaces are ignored unless they are quoted with backslash ("\").
An optional prefix "!" which negates the pattern; any matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become included again. It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent directory of that file is excluded. Git doesn’t list excluded directories for performance reasons, so any patterns on contained files have no effect, no matter where they are defined. Put a backslash ("\") in front of the first "!" for patterns that begin with a literal "!", for example, "\!important!.txt".
The slash / is used as the directory separator. Separators may occur at the beginning, middle or end of the .gitignore search pattern.
If there is a separator at the beginning or middle (or both) of the pattern, then the pattern is relative to the directory level of the particular .gitignore file itself. Otherwise the pattern may also match at any level below the .gitignore level.
If there is a separator at the end of the pattern then the pattern will only match directories, otherwise the pattern can match both files and directories.
For example, a pattern doc/frotz/ matches doc/frotz directory, but not a/doc/frotz directory; however frotz/ matches frotz and a/frotz that is a directory (all paths are relative from the .gitignore file).
An asterisk "*" matches anything except a slash. The character "?" matches any one character except "/". The range notation, e.g. [a-zA-Z], can be used to match one of the characters in a range. See fnmatch(3) and the FNM_PATHNAME flag for a more detailed description.
Two consecutive asterisks ("**") in patterns matched against full pathname may have special meaning:
A leading "**" followed by a slash means match in all directories. For example, "**/foo" matches file or directory "foo" anywhere, the same as pattern "foo". "**/foo/bar" matches file or directory "bar" anywhere that is directly under directory "foo".
A trailing "/**" matches everything inside. For example, "abc/**" matches all files inside directory "abc", relative to the location of the .gitignore file, with infinite depth.
A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash matches zero or more directories. For example, "a/**/b" matches "a/b", "a/x/b", "a/x/y/b" and so on.
Other consecutive asterisks are considered regular asterisks and will match according to the previous rules.