1、精讲软硬链接

硬链接

软链接

2、压缩和解压缩

tar

指定目录解压缩

[root@c1 day02]# tar zxvf /mnt/day02/day02.tar.gz -C /mnt/day02/yu/

study1.txt

study2.txt

study3.txt

study4.txt

study5.txt

study6.txt

work11/

work22/

work33/

work44/

work55/

zip

[root@c1 day02]# zip -r hello-03.zip work11/ study2.txt

adding: work11/ (stored 0%)

adding: work11/passwd (deflated 58%)

adding: study2.txt (stored 0%)

unzip

[root@c1 day02]# unzip hello-03.zip -d yu/

Archive: hello-03.zip

creating: yu/work11/

inflating: yu/work11/passwd

extracting: yu/study2.txt

[root@c1 day02]# ll yu/

3、文件系统，磁盘分区

内核中的模块：ext4, xfs, vfat

Linux的虚拟文件系统：VFS

用户空间的管理工具：mkfs.ext4, mkfs.xfs,mkfs.vfat

几个跟文件系统和分区相关的命令

df 查看分区

[root@c1 /]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3 80G 13G 68G 16% /

devtmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /dev

tmpfs 911M 0 911M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 911M 9.5M 902M 2% /run

tmpfs 911M 0 911M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda2 253M 115M 139M 46% /boot

tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0

[root@c1 /]# df -H

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3 86G 14G 73G 16% /

devtmpfs 944M 0 944M 0% /dev

tmpfs 956M 0 956M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 956M 10M 946M 2% /run

tmpfs 956M 0 956M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda2 265M 121M 145M 46% /boot

tmpfs 192M 0 192M 0% /run/user/0

[root@c1 /]# df

Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3 83580036 13221276 70358760 16% /

devtmpfs 921676 0 921676 0% /dev

tmpfs 932652 0 932652 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 932652 9720 922932 2% /run

tmpfs 932652 0 932652 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda2 258724 117220 141504 46% /boot

tmpfs 186532 0 186532 0% /run/user/0

mount 挂载分区

[root@c1 /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /study-disk/

[root@c1 /]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sdb1 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /study-disk

umount 卸载分区

参数可以是挂载目录，也可是分区

umount /study-disk/

umount /dev/sdb1 卸载的是最后一次挂载的目录

fdisk 分区命令，分区-格式化-挂载使用

[root@c1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc # 给sdc磁盘创建分区

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xbee5b979.

Command (m for help): n # 新建分区

Partition type:

p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

e extended

Select (default p):

Using default response p

Partition number (1-4, default 1):

First sector (2048-4194303, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4194303, default 4194303):

Using default value 4194303

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w #保存

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@c1 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc1 # 格式化分区xfs格式

meta-data=/dev/sdc1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=131008 blks

= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1

= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0

data = bsize=4096 blocks=524032, imaxpct=25

= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks

naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1

log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2

= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0

[root@c1 ~]# mkdir /disk-c1 # 创建挂载目录

[root@c1 ~]# mount /dev/sdc1 /disk-c1/ # 将刚才的分区挂载到挂载目录上，可以使用了

[root@c1 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3 80G 13G 68G 16% /

devtmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /dev

tmpfs 911M 0 911M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 911M 9.6M 902M 2% /run

tmpfs 911M 0 911M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda2 253M 115M 139M 46% /boot

tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0

/dev/sdc1 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /disk-c1

mkfs.xfs/mkfs.ext4 格式化文件系统命令

[root@c1 ~]# runlevel

3 5

[root@c1 ~]# init 3

[root@c1 ~]# runlevel

5 3

init 命令

0-6级别

0，关机

1，单用户

2，多用户

3，最常用的，文本（命令行）界面

4，保留

5，第二常用的，桌面

6，重启

刷新内存数据到磁盘

【root@c1 ~]# sync

[root@c1 ~]#

重启操作系统

【root@c1】# init 6

关机

init 0