linux下Oracle19C无图形化安装

小白不怕黑 / 2024-12-21 / 原文

参考1：https://blog.csdn.net/bjywxc/article/details/104696121/
参考2：https://www.cnblogs.com/xuzhaoyang/p/11264557.html
更改字符集参考地址：
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1588981

1、检查安装包
rpm --query --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}.%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n" bc binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel fontconfig-devel libxcb smartmontools libX11 libXau libXtst libXrender libXrender-devel

yum install bc gcc gcc-c++ binutils compat-libcap1 libnsl compat-libstdc* dtrace-modules dtrace-modules-headers dtrace-modules-provider-headers dtrace-utils elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel fontconfig-devel glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libdtrace-ctf-devel libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libXrender libXrender-devel libgcc librdmacm-devel libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb make smartmontools sysstat kmod-libs kmod -y
安装图形化桌面
yum -y install xdpyinfo xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-20.el7.x86_64 tigervnc tigervnc-server xorg-x11-apps

2、创建oracle用户组
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd asmdba
groupadd backupdba
groupadd dgdba
groupadd kmdba
groupadd racdba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper -m oracle
#设置密码
passwd oracle
3、配置域名解析文件(根据实际情况设置)
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.124.5 umpaydb
4、关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service

systemctl disable firewalld.service
关闭selinux
vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
5、创建工作的目录，然后赋予相应的权限
mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /opt/app/oracle
6、修改内核参数
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
#oracle
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 16451328
kernel.shmmax = 33692319744
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
生效配置
sysctl --system

7、配置Oracle的环境变量
su - oracle
vim .bash_profile
#oracle
ORACLE_SID=umpay;export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_UNQNAME=umpay;export ORACLE_UNQNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY:MM:DDHH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK; export NLS_LANG
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN
ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11
PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
umask 022

生效配置
source .bash_profile
8、解压oracle
yum -y install zip unzip
上传Oracle包至/opt/app下
chmod 755 /bin/systemctl
chmod 755 /opt/app/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
su - oracle
cd /opt/app
unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d /opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/

查看解压目录
cd /opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/
ls
9、安装oracle

图形化安装（oracle用户）：
#xdpyinfo | head 查看开启的桌面端口，默认为:0，实例为1
#vncserver 创建新的桌面
#export DISPLAY=192.168.124.5:1.0
#xclock
#LANG=en_US ./runInstaller
cd /opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/install/response
cp db_install.rsp db_install.rsp.bak
更改db_install.rsp 配置文件
主要是修改以下参数
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/app/oracle/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=backupdba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dgdba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=kmdba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=racdba
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=false

安装命令
#如果是rhel8上安装19C，需执行export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OL7
cd /opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/install/response/db_install.rsp
以上命令执行成功后切换至root执行以下脚本
/opt/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/root.sh
如果报错修改以下文件，重新安装
rm -r /opt/app/oracle/oraInventory
vim /etc/oralnst.loc
inventory_loc=/opt/app/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall

#####执行成功提示#######
[oracle@localhost db_1]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/install/response/db_install.rsp
Launching Oracle Database Setup Wizard...

[WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.
[WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment does not meet some optional requirements.
CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. installActions2023-09-15_06-42-34PM.log
ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: installActions2023-09-15_06-42-34PM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.
The response file for this session can be found at:
/opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/install/response/db_2023-09-15_06-42-34PM.rsp

You can find the log of this install session at:
/tmp/InstallActions2023-09-15_06-42-34PM/installActions2023-09-15_06-42-34PM.log

As a root user, execute the following script(s):
1. /opt/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. /opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/root.sh

Execute /opt/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh on the following nodes:
[localhost]
Execute /opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/root.sh on the following nodes:
[localhost]

Successfully Setup Software with warning(s).
Moved the install session logs to:
/opt/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/InstallActions2023-09-15_06-42-34PM

10、配置监听切换至oracle
相应模板存放位置
监听目录：
软件/opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/install/response/db_install.rsp
监听/opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp
建库/opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp
命令：
netca /silent /responseFile /opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp
11、创建数据库
cd /opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/dbca
cp dbca.rsp dbca.rsp.bak
vim dbca.rsp
gdbName=umpay
sid=umpay
databaseConfigType=SI
templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
sysPassword=umpay
systemPassword=umpay
emConfiguration=DBEXPRESS
dbsnmpPassword=umpay
datafileDestination=/opt/app/oracle/oradata
characterSet=ZHS16GBK
totalMemory=8192
执行安装
dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /opt/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp
提示以下信息则完成安装
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
/opt/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/umpay.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:umpay
System Identifier(SID):umpay
Look at the log file "/opt/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/umpay/umpay.log" for further details.

登录数据库查看
sqlplus / as sysdba
select instance_name,status from v$instance;

管理员账号：system
密码:umpay

linux下重启oracle数据库按如下步骤操作：
（1）以oracle身份登录数据库，命令：su – oracle
（2）进入Sqlplus控制台，命令：sqlplus /nolog
（3）以系统管理员登录，命令：connect / as sysdba
（4）启动数据库，命令：startup
（5）如果是关闭数据库，命令：shutdown immediate
（6）退出sqlplus控制台，命令：exit
（7）进入监听器控制台，命令：lsnrctl stop lsnrctl start
（8）退出监听器控制台，命令：exit
（9）重启数据库结束

解决重新打开终端后oracle .bashrc_profile环境变量失效问题：
将.bashrc_profile配置的环境变量拷贝至.bashrc内，导致的原因：系统登录.bashrc读取的优先级比.bash_profile高导致

启动后重启oracle命令
[oracle@bjtn-app183-211 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Aug 5 16:37:49 2021
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 6442448984 bytes
Fixed Size 8910936 bytes
Variable Size 1107296256 bytes
Database Buffers 5318377472 bytes
Redo Buffers 7864320 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.