K8S云原生-高可用集群部署V1.28.2

ぷ行走de鱼げ / 2024-08-07 / 原文

一、环境准备

K8S集群角色	IP	主机名	安装相关组件
master	10.1.16.160	hqiotmaster07l	apiserver、controller-manager、scheduler、kubelet、etcd、docker、kube-proxy、keepalived、nginx、calico
master	10.1.16.161	hqiotmaster08l	apiserver、controller-manager、scheduler、kubelet、etcd、docker、kube-proxy、keepalived、nginx、calico
master	10.1.16.162	hqiotmaster09l	apiserver、controller-manager、scheduler、kubelet、etcd、docker、kube-proxy、keepalived、nginx、calico
worker	10.1.16.163	hqiotnode12l	kubelet、kube-porxy、docker、calico、coredns、ingress-nginx
worker	10.1.16.164	hqiotnode13l	kubelet、kube-porxy、docker、calico、coredns、ingress-nginx
worker	10.1.16.165	hqiotnode14l	kubelet、kube-porxy、docker、calico、coredns、ingress-nginx
vip	10.1.16.202		nginx、keeplived

1.1、服务器环境初始化

# 控制节点、工作节点都需要安装
# 1、修改主机名：对应主机名修改
hostnamectl set-hostname master && bash

# 2、添加hosts
cat << EOF >  /etc/hosts 
10.1.16.160 hqiotmaster07l
10.1.16.161 hqiotmaster08l
10.1.16.162 hqiotmaster09l
10.1.16.163 hqiotnode12l
10.1.16.164 hqiotnode13l
10.1.16.165 hqiotnode14l
EOF

# 3、关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

# 4、关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

# 5、关闭交换分区
swapoff -a # 临时关闭
永久关闭
vi /etc/fstab
#注释这一行：/mnt/swap swap swap defaults 0 0
free -m
查看swap是否全为0


# 6、每台机器都设置 时间同步
yum install chrony -y
systemctl start chronyd && systemctl enable chronyd
chronyc sources

# 7、创建/etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf配置文件:
cat << EOF > /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF
执行以下命令使配置生效:
modprobe overlay
modprobe br_netfilter

# 8、将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat << EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
user.max_user_namespaces=28633
EOF

# 9、配置服务器支持开启ipvs的前提条件（如果用istio，请不要开启IPVS模式）

接下来还需要确保各个节点上已经安装了ipset软件包，为了便于查看ipvs的代理规则，最好安装一下管理工具ipvsadm。

yum install -y ipset ipvsadm

由于ipvs已经加入到了内核的主干，所以为kube-proxy开启ipvs的前提需要加载以下的内核模块：ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack_ipv4

在各个服务器节点上执行以下脚本:

cat << EOF > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF

赋权：

chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4

上面脚本创建了的/etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules文件，保证在节点重启后能自动加载所需模块。

如果报错modprobe: FATAL: Module nf_conntrack_ipv4 not found.

这是因为使用了高内核，较如博主就是使用了5.2的内核，一般教程都是3.2的内核。在高版本内核已经把nf_conntrack_ipv4替换为nf_conntrack了。所以正确配置应该如下

在各个服务器节点上执行以下脚本:

cat <<EOF> /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF

赋权：

chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

# 10、生效sysctl
sysctl --system

二、基础软件包安装

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make

yum install wget net-tools vim* nc telnet-server telnet curl openssl-devel libnl3-devel net-snmp-devel zlib zlib-devel pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel

# 修改linux命令历史记录、ssh关闭时间
vi /etc/profile
HISTSIZE=3000
TMOUT=3600
   
退出保存，执行
source /etc/profile

三、Docker安装

安装yum的工具包集合
yum install -y yum-utils

安装docker仓库
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

卸载docker-ce
yum remove docker docker-client docker-client-latest docker-common docker-latest docker-latest-logrotate docker-logrotate docker-selinux docker-engine-selinux docker-engine

yum list installed | grep docker
yum remove -y docker-ce.x86_64

rm -rf /var/lib/docker
rm -rf /etc/docker/

查看可安装版本
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
安装最新版本
yum -y install docker-ce

安装特定版本的docker-ce：
yum -y install docker-ce-23.0.3-1.el7

启动docker,并设为开机自启动
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

/etc/docker上传daemon.json
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service
docker info

docker相关命令：
systemctl stop docker
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
systemctl status docker
systemctl restart docker
docker info
docker --version
containerd --version

四、containerd安装

下载Containerd的二进制包:
可先在网络可达的机器上下载好，再上传到服务器

wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.7.14/cri-containerd-cni-1.7.14-linux-amd64.tar.gz

压缩包中已经按照官方二进制部署推荐的目录结构布局好。 里面包含了systemd配置文件，containerd以及cni的部署文件。 
将解压缩到系统的根目录中:
tar -zvxf cri-containerd-cni-1.7.14-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /

注意经测试cri-containerd-cni-1.7.14-linux-amd64.tar.gz包中包含的runc在CentOS 7下的动态链接有问题，
这里从runc的github上单独下载runc，并替换上面安装的containerd中的runc:
wget https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.1.10/runc.amd64

install -m 755 runc.amd64 /usr/sbin/runc
runc -v

runc version 1.1.10
commit: v1.1.10-0-g18a0cb0f
spec: 1.0.2-dev
go: go1.20.10
libseccomp: 2.5.4

接下来生成containerd的配置文件:
rm -rf /etc/containerd
mkdir -p /etc/containerd
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

根据文档 Container runtimes 中的内容，对于使用systemd作为init system的Linux的发行版，使用systemd作为容器的cgroup driver可以确保服务器节点在资源紧张的情况更加稳定，因此这里配置各个节点上containerd的cgroup driver为systemd。
修改前面生成的配置文件/etc/containerd/config.toml

sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup = false/SystemdCgroup = true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
  ...
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
    SystemdCgroup = true

# 设置aliyun地址，不设置会连接不上
sed -i "s#registry.k8s.io/pause#registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause#g" /etc/containerd/config.toml
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
  ...
  # sandbox_image = "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.6"
  sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"

# 设置Harbor私有仓库
vi /etc/containerd/config.toml
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."10.1.1.167".tls]
    insecure_skip_verify = true
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."10.1.1.167".auth]
    username = "admin"
    password = "Harbor12345"
    
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."k8s.gcr.io"]
    endpoint = ["https://registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers"]

  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."10.1.1.167"]
    endpoint = ["https://10.1.1.167"]

# 配置containerd开机启动，并启动containerd
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now containerd && systemctl restart containerd

# 使用crictl测试一下，确保可以打印出版本信息并且没有错误信息输出:
crictl version

Version:  0.1.0
RuntimeName:  containerd
RuntimeVersion:  v1.7.14
RuntimeApiVersion:  v1

五、安装配置kubernetes

5.1 kubernetes高可用方案

为了能很好的讲解Kubernetes集群的高可用配置，我们可以通过一下方案来解答。

在这个方案中，我们通过keepalive+nginx实现k8s apiserver组件高可用。

按照旧的方案，我们以某一个master节点作为主节点，让其余的两个master节点加入，是无法达到集群的高可用的。一旦主master节点宕机，整个集群将处于不可用的状态。

5.2 通过keepalive+nginx实现k8s apiserver高可用

三台master节点，Nginx安装与配置

yum -y install gcc zlib zlib-devel pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel

tar -zvxf nginx-1.27.0.tar.gz

cd nginx-1.27.0

全量安装
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-stream --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

make & make install

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/

nginx -v

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
#启动服务
./nginx
#停止服务
./nginx -s stop
#查看80端口
netstat -ntulp |grep 80

建立服务，启动服务方式
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

[Unit]
Description=nginx - high performance web server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

上传nginx.service 到  /usr/lib/systemd/system
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx.service && systemctl enable nginx.service
systemctl status nginx.service

修改nginx 配置文件

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

pid        /var/log/nginx/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

stream { 
 
    log_format main '$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sent'; 
 
    access_log /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log main; 
 
    upstream k8s-apiserver { 
            server 10.1.16.169:6443 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;   
            server 10.1.16.170:6443 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
            server 10.1.16.171:6443 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;   
 
    }
    server { 
        listen 16443; # 由于 nginx 与 master 节点复用，这个监听端口不能是 6443，否则会冲突 
        proxy_pass k8s-apiserver; 
    }

}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 4096;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       8080;
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

重启nginx.service
systemctl restart nginx.service

三台master节点，Keepalived安装与配置

yum install -y curl gcc openssl-devel libnl3-devel net-snmp-devel

yum install -y keepalived

cd /etc/keepalived/

mv keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.bak

vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

# master节点1配置
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id NGINX_MASTER
}

vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
    interval 5 
    weight -5
    fall 2
    rise 1
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens192   # 网卡名称        
    mcast_src_ip 10.1.16.160 # 服务器IP   
    virtual_router_id 51   #vrrp路由ID实例，每个实例唯一
    priority 100       # 权重
    nopreempt
    advert_int 2   # 指定vrrp心跳包通告间隔时间，默认1s
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.1.16.202/24   # 虚拟VIP
    }
    track_script {
        chk_apiserver   # 健康检查脚本
    }
}

# master节点2配置
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
   script_user root
   enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
    interval 5 
    weight -5
    fall 2
    rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP1
    interface ens192
    mcast_src_ip 10.1.16.161
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 99
    nopreempt
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.1.16.202/24
    }
    track_script {
        chk_apiserver
    }
}

# master节点2配置
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
   script_user root
   enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
    interval 5 
    weight -5
    fall 2
    rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP2
    interface ens192
    mcast_src_ip 10.1.16.162
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 98
    nopreempt
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.1.16.202/24
    }
    track_script {
        chk_apiserver
    }
}

#  健康检查脚本
vi  /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh

#!/bin/bash
err=0
for k in $(seq 1 3)
do
    check_code=$(pgrep haproxy)
    if [[ $check_code == "" ]]; then
        err=$(expr $err + 1)
        sleep 1
        continue
    else
        err=0
        break
    fi
done
if [[ $err != "0" ]]; then
    echo "systemctl stop keepalived"
    /usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived
    exit 1
else
    exit 0
fi

赋权:
chmod 644 /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh
chmod 644 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

启动：
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start keepalived && systemctl enable keepalived
systemctl restart keepalived
systemctl status keepalived


# 查看VIP，在master上看
[root@master nginx]# ip addr
2: ens192: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:9d:e5:7a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp11s0
    inet 10.1.16.160/24 brd 10.1.16.255 scope global noprefixroute ens192
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.1.16.202/24 scope global secondary ens192
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe9d:e57a/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

测试：停止master的nginx就会发现10.1.16.202这个IP漂移到master2服务器上，重启master的nginx和keepalived后，IP还会漂移回master

5.3 使用kubeadm部署Kubernetes

# 下面在各节点安装kubeadm和kubelet,创建yum源：
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
        http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
yum makecache fast

# 如已经安装了相关组件，建议先彻底删除

# 重置kubernetes服务，重置网络。删除网络配置，link
kubeadm reset
systemctl stop kubelet
systemctl stop docker
rm -rf /var/lib/cni/
rm -rf /var/lib/kubelet/*
rm -rf /etc/cni/
ifconfig cni0 down
ifconfig docker0 down
ip link delete cni0
systemctl start docker
systemctl start kubelet

# 删除kubernetes相关软件
yum -y remove kubelet kubeadm kubectl
rm -rvf $HOME/.kube
rm -rvf ~/.kube/
rm -rvf /etc/kubernetes/
rm -rvf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
rm -rvf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
rm -rvf /usr/bin/kube*
rm -rvf /etc/cni
rm -rvf /opt/cni
rm -rvf /var/lib/etcd
rm -rvf /var/etcd

# 查看kubelet kubeadm kubectl版本
yum list kubelet kubeadm kubectl  --showduplicates | sort -r

# 安装k8s软件包，master和node都需要
yum install -y  kubelet-1.28.2 kubeadm-1.28.2 kubectl-1.28.2

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

kubernetes相关命令：
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl restart kubelet
systemctl stop kubelet
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl status kubelet
kubelet --version

注：每个软件包的作用
Kubeadm: kubeadm 是一个工具，用来初始化 k8s 集群的
kubelet: 安装在集群所有节点上，用于启动 Pod 的，kubeadm 安装k8s，k8s 控制节点和工作节点的组件，都是基于 pod 运行的，只要 pod 启动，就需要 kubelet 
kubectl: 通过 kubectl 可以部署和管理应用，查看各种资源，创建、删除和更新各种组件

5.4 kubeadm 初始化

使用kubeadm config print init-defaults --component-configs KubeletConfiguration可以打印集群初始化默认的使用的配置：

从默认的配置中可以看到，可以使用imageRepository定制在集群初始化时拉取k8s所需镜像的地址。
基于默认配置定制出本次使用kubeadm初始化集群所需的配置文件kubeadm.yaml

# 新建kubeadm.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
# localAPIEndpoint:
#   advertiseAddress: 10.1.16.160
#   bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  taints: null
---
apiServer:
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.28.2
controlPlaneEndpoint: 10.1.16.202:16443  # 控制平面使用虚拟IP
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
  podSubnet: 20.244.0.0/16  # 指定pod网段
scheduler: {}
---
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
cgroupDriver: systemd
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs

这里定制了imageRepository为阿里云的registry，避免因gcr被墙，无法直接拉取镜像。criSocket设置了容器运行时为containerd。 同时设置kubelet的cgroupDriver为systemd，设置kube-proxy代理模式为ipvs。
在开始初始化集群之前可以使用kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm.yaml预先在各个服务器节点上拉取所k8s需要的容器镜像。

# 拉取所k8s需要的容器镜像
kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm.yaml

[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.28.2
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.28.2
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.28.2
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.28.2
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.9-0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.10.1

# 如果出现无法下载的问题，可以线下导出导入
ctr -n k8s.io image export kube-proxy.tar registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.28.2
ctr -n k8s.io image import kube-proxy.tar

# 使用kubeadm初始化集群
kubeadm init --config kubeadm.yaml

# 查看初始化结果
[root@HQIOTMASTER10L yum.repos.d]# kubeadm init --config kubeadm.yaml
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.28.2
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING FileExisting-tc]: tc not found in system path
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [hqiotmaster10l kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 10.1.16.169 10.1.16.201]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [hqiotmaster10l localhost] and IPs [10.1.16.160 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [hqiotmaster10l localhost] and IPs [10.1.16.160 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
W0715 16:18:15.468503   67623 endpoint.go:57] [endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
W0715 16:18:15.544132   67623 endpoint.go:57] [endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
W0715 16:18:15.617290   67623 endpoint.go:57] [endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
W0715 16:18:15.825899   67623 endpoint.go:57] [endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 31.523308 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node hqiotmaster10l as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node hqiotmaster10l as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
W0715 16:18:51.448813   67623 endpoint.go:57] [endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:

  kubeadm join 10.1.16.202:16443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0cc00fbdbfaa12d6d784b2f20c36619c6121a1dbd715f380fae53f8406ab6e4c \
        --control-plane

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 10.1.16.202:16443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0cc00fbdbfaa12d6d784b2f20c36619c6121a1dbd715f380fae53f8406ab6e4c
        
        
上面记录了完成的初始化输出的内容，根据输出的内容基本上可以看出手动初始化安装一个Kubernetes集群所需要的关键步骤。 
# 其中有以下关键内容：
	• [certs]生成相关的各种证书
	• [kubeconfig]生成相关的kubeconfig文件
	• [kubelet-start] 生成kubelet的配置文件"/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
	• [control-plane]使用/etc/kubernetes/manifests目录中的yaml文件创建apiserver、controller-manager、scheduler的静态pod
	• [bootstraptoken]生成token记录下来，后边使用kubeadm join往集群中添加节点时会用到
	• [addons]安装基本插件:CoreDNS, kube-proxy


# 配置使用kubectl访问集群：
rm -rvf $HOME/.kube
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config


# 查看一下集群状态，确认个组件都处于healthy状态
kubectl get cs
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME                           STATUS             MESSAGE                         ERROR
scheduler                      Healthy            ok                              
controller-manager             Healthy            ok                              
etcd-0                         Healthy            {"health":"true","reason":""}   

# 验证 kubectl
[root@k8s-master-0 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME             STATUS     ROLES           AGE     VERSION
hqiotmaster07l   NotReady   control-plane   2m12s   v1.28.2

5.5 扩容k8s集群，添加master

# 1. 从节点拉取镜像
# 将kubeadm.yaml传送到master2、master3，提前拉取所需镜像
kubectl config images pull --config=kubeadm.yaml

# 2.将master节点证书拷贝到其余master节点
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/

scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.* master2:/etc/kubernetes/pki/
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.* master3:/etc/kubernetes/pki/

scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.* master2:/etc/kubernetes/pki/
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.* master3:/etc/kubernetes/pki/

scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.* master2:/etc/kubernetes/pki/
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.* master3:/etc/kubernetes/pki/

scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.* master2:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.* master3:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/

# 3.在master主节点生成token
[root@master etcd]# kubeadm token create --print-join-command
kubeadm join 10.1.16.202:16443 --token warf9k.w5m9ami6z4f73v1h --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:fa99f534d4940bcabff7a155582757af6a27c98360380f01b4ef8413dfa39918

# 4.将master2、master3加入集群，成为控制节点
kubeadm join 10.1.16.202:16443 --token warf9k.w5m9ami6z4f73v1h --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:fa99f534d4940bcabff7a155582757af6a27c98360380f01b4ef8413dfa39918 --control-plane

成功结果：Run 'kubectl get nodes' to see this node join the cluster.

# 5.master2/3执行kubectl访问集群
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config


# 6.查看
[root@master k8s]# kubectl get nodes
NAME      STATUS     ROLES           AGE   VERSION
master    NotReady   control-plane   97m   v1.28.2
master2   NotReady   control-plane   85m   v1.28.2
master3   NotReady   control-plane   84m   v1.28.2

5.6 添加node节点进入集群

# 1.将node1加入集群作为工作节点

[root@node1 containerd]# kubeadm join 10.1.16.202:16443 --token warf9k.w5m9ami6z4f73v1h --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:fa99f534d4940bcabff7a155582757af6a27c98360380f01b4ef8413dfa39918

成功标志：Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

# 在任意master节点查看
[root@master k8s]# kubectl get nodes
NAME      STATUS     ROLES           AGE    VERSION
master    NotReady   control-plane   109m   v1.28.2
master2   NotReady   control-plane   97m    v1.28.2
master3   NotReady   control-plane   96m    v1.28.2
node1     NotReady   <none>          67s    v1.28.2

# 2.修改node节点 ROLES
[root@master k8s]# kubectl label node node1 node-role.kubernetes.io/worker=worker
node/node1 labeled
[root@master k8s]# kubectl get nodes
NAME      STATUS     ROLES           AGE     VERSION
master    NotReady   control-plane   110m    v1.28.2
master2   NotReady   control-plane   98m     v1.28.2
master3   NotReady   control-plane   97m     v1.28.2
node1     NotReady   worker          2m48s   v1.28.2

六、在master01安装包管理器helm 3

# 查看最新版本https://github.com/helm/helm/releases

mkdir -p /usr/local/helm
wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.11.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zvxf helm-v3.15.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv linux-amd64/helm  /usr/local/bin/
执行helm list确认没有错误输出。
helm version

七、安装kubernetes网络插件calico

选择calico作为k8s的Pod网络组件，下面使用helm在k8s集群中安装calico。
下载tigera-operator的helm chart:
wget https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/releases/download/v3.25.1/tigera-operator-v3.25.1.tgz

# 查看这个chart的中可定制的配置:
helm show values tigera-operator-v3.27.2.tgz

新建values.yaml如下:
# 可针对上面的配置进行定制,例如calico的镜像改成从私有库拉取。
# 这里只是个人本地环境测试k8s新版本，这里只有下面几行配置
apiServer:
  enabled: false


# 先拉取镜像
crictl pull quay.io/tigera/operator:v1.32.5
crictl pull docker.io/calico/cni:v3.27.2
crictl pull docker.io/calico/csi:v3.27.2
crictl pull docker.io/calico/kube-controllers:v3.27.2
crictl pull docker.io/calico/node-driver-registrar:v3.27.2
crictl pull docker.io/calico/node:v3.27.2
crictl pull docker.io/calico/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.27.2
crictl pull docker.io/calico/typha:v3.27.2


# 如不能下载，就尝试导出导入
ctr -n k8s.io image import operator.tar
ctr -n k8s.io image import cni.tar
ctr -n k8s.io image import csi.tar
ctr -n k8s.io image import kube-controllers.tar
ctr -n k8s.io image import node-driver-registrar.tar
ctr -n k8s.io image import node.tar
ctr -n k8s.io image import pod2daemon-flexvol.tar
ctr -n k8s.io image import typha.tar
ctr -n k8s.io image import busyboxplus.tar

# 使用helm安装calico：
helm install calico tigera-operator-v3.27.2.tgz -n kube-system  --create-namespace -f values.yaml

NAME: calico
LAST DEPLOYED: Fri Nov 10 09:19:36 2023
NAMESPACE: kube-system
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None

# 查看calico容器运行情况，如状态一直没有到达Running状态，可尝试重启节点服务器。
[root@HQIOTMASTER07L ~]# kubectl get pod -n calico-system
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS       AGE
calico-kube-controllers-6c8966c899-k4b7t   1/1     Running   1 (7d7h ago)   7d7h
calico-node-bksbh                          1/1     Running   1 (7d7h ago)   7d7h
calico-node-kjqsq                          1/1     Running   0              7d7h
calico-node-lwhk9                          1/1     Running   1 (7d7h ago)   7d7h
calico-node-wdmws                          1/1     Running   0              7d7h
calico-node-xqkkq                          1/1     Running   1 (7d7h ago)   7d7h
calico-node-z56lx                          1/1     Running   0              7d7h
calico-typha-78f6f6c7dd-b8hfm              1/1     Running   1 (7d7h ago)   7d7h
calico-typha-78f6f6c7dd-kwjq2              1/1     Running   1 (7d7h ago)   7d7h
calico-typha-78f6f6c7dd-r2cjp              1/1     Running   1 (7d7h ago)   7d7h
csi-node-driver-452cl                      2/2     Running   0              7d7h
csi-node-driver-48bbw                      2/2     Running   2 (7d7h ago)   7d7h
csi-node-driver-52zbp                      2/2     Running   2 (7d7h ago)   7d7h
csi-node-driver-bnmzf                      2/2     Running   2 (7d7h ago)   7d7h
csi-node-driver-w2tfr                      2/2     Running   2 (7d7h ago)   7d7h
csi-node-driver-zw62c                      2/2     Running   2 (7d7h ago)   7d7h

# 在master01验证k8s DNS是否可用
首次验证：
kubectl run curl --image=radial/busyboxplus:curl -it

If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
[ root@curl:/ ]$
[ root@curl:/ ]$ exit

# 重新进入相同的容器可继续执行命令
kubectl exec -it curl -- /bin/sh
进入后执行nslookup kubernetes.default确认解析正常:
[root@hqiotmaster07l yum.repos.d]# kubectl exec -it curl -- /bin/sh
/bin/sh: shopt: not found
[ root@curl:/ ]$ nslookup kubernetes.default
Server:    10.96.0.10
Address 1: 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      kubernetes.default
Address 1: 10.96.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

八、安装kubernetes反向代理ingress-nginx

添加ingress的helm仓库   
helm repo add ingress-nginx https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx
helm repo update
helm repo list
搜索ingress-nginx    
helm search repo ingress-nginx
helm search repo ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx -l

安装ingress-nginx   等所有work节点加入后，执行
helm pull ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx --version 4.8.3
tar -zvxf ingress-nginx-4.8.3.tgz
cd ingress-nginx

# 修改values.yaml
image:
    ## Keep false as default for now!
    chroot: false
    # registry: registry.k8s.io
    repository: 10.1.1.167/registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/nginx-ingress-controller
    ## for backwards compatibility consider setting the full image url via the repository value below
    ## use *either* current default registry/image or repository format or installing chart by providing the values.yaml will fail
    ## repository:
    tag: "v1.3.0"
    # digest: sha256:d1707ca76d3b044ab8a28277a2466a02100ee9f58a86af1535a3edf9323ea1b5
    # digestChroot: sha256:0fcb91216a22aae43b374fc2e6a03b8afe9e8c78cbf07a09d75636dc4ea3c191
    pullPolicy: IfNotPresent

  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirstWithHostNet

  hostNetwork: true

  kind: DaemonSet

  nodeSelector:
    kubernetes.io/os: linux
    ingress: "true"

  ipFamilies:
      - IPv4
    ports:
      http: 80
      https: 443
    targetPorts:
      http: http
      https: https
    type: ClusterIP

image:
        # registry: registry.k8s.io
        repository: 10.1.1.167/registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-webhook-certgen
        ## for backwards compatibility consider setting the full image url via the repository value below
        ## use *either* current default registry/image or repository format or installing chart by providing the values.yaml will fail
        ## repository:
        tag: v1.1.1
        # digest: sha256:64d8c73dca984af206adf9d6d7e46aa550362b1d7a01f3a0a91b20cc67868660
        pullPolicy: IfNotPresent

# 给每个node节点打标签
kubectl label node haiotnode01l ingress=true
kubectl get node -L ingress

# 创建命名空间 
kubectl create ns ingress-nginx

# helm安装 
helm install ingress-nginx -n ingress-nginx .

# 查看结果
NAME: ingress-nginx
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Nov  9 17:30:42 2023
NAMESPACE: ingress-nginx
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
The ingress-nginx controller has been installed.
It may take a few minutes for the LoadBalancer IP to be available.
You can watch the status by running 'kubectl --namespace ingress-nginx get services -o wide -w ingress-nginx-controller'

An example Ingress that makes use of the controller:
  apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
  kind: Ingress
  metadata:
    name: example
    namespace: foo
  spec:
    ingressClassName: nginx
    rules:
      - host: www.example.com
        http:
          paths:
            - pathType: Prefix
              backend:
                service:
                  name: exampleService
                  port:
                    number: 80
              path: /
    # This section is only required if TLS is to be enabled for the Ingress
    tls:
      - hosts:
        - www.example.com
        secretName: example-tls

If TLS is enabled for the Ingress, a Secret containing the certificate and key must also be provided:

  apiVersion: v1
  kind: Secret
  metadata:
    name: example-tls
    namespace: foo
  data:
    tls.crt: <base64 encoded cert>
    tls.key: <base64 encoded key>
  type: kubernetes.io/tls

删除ingress-nginx
helm delete ingress-nginx -n ingress-nginx

查询ingress-nginx
kubectl get all -n ingress-nginx

[root@HQIOTMASTER07L ~]# kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
ingress-nginx-controller-fljbs   1/1     Running   0          7d6h
ingress-nginx-controller-lhn9m   1/1     Running   0          7d6h
ingress-nginx-controller-w76v2   1/1     Running   0          7d6h

九、etcd配置为高可用状态

# 修改master、master2、master3上的配置文件etcd.yaml
vi /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml

将
- --initial-cluster=hqiotmaster10l=https://10.1.16.160:2380
修改为
- --initial-cluster=hqiotmaster10l=https://10.1.16.160:2380,hqiotmaster11l=https://10.1.16.161:2380,hqiotmaster12l=https://10.1.16.162:2380

9.1 查看etcd集群是否配置成功

# etcdctl下载地址：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases
cd etcd-v3.5.9-linux-amd64
cp etcd* /usr/local/bin

[root@HQIOTMASTER07L ~]# etcdctl --cert /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.crt --key /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.key --cacert /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt member list
42cd16c4205e7bee, started, hqiotmaster07l, https://10.1.16.160:2380, https://10.1.16.160:2379, false
bb9be9499c3a8464, started, hqiotmaster09l, https://10.1.16.162:2380, https://10.1.16.162:2379, false
c8761c7050ca479a, started, hqiotmaster08l, https://10.1.16.161:2380, https://10.1.16.161:2379, false

[root@HQIOTMASTER07L ~]# etcdctl -w table --cert /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.crt --key /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.key --cacert /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --endpoints=https://10.1.16.160:2379,https://10.1.16.161:2379,https://10.1.16.162:2379 endpoint status --cluster
+--------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
|         ENDPOINT         |        ID        | VERSION | DB SIZE | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS |
+--------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
| https://10.1.16.160:2379 | 42cd16c4205e7bee |   3.5.9 |   15 MB |     false |      false |        11 |    2905632 |            2905632 |        |
| https://10.1.16.162:2379 | bb9be9499c3a8464 |   3.5.9 |   15 MB |     false |      false |        11 |    2905632 |            2905632 |        |
| https://10.1.16.161:2379 | c8761c7050ca479a |   3.5.9 |   16 MB |      true |      false |        11 |    2905632 |            2905632 |        |
+--------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+