1.安装msys2
Get the latest version of MinGW-w64 via MSYS2, which provides up-to-date native builds of GCC, MinGW-w64, and other helpful C++ tools and libraries. This will provide you with the necessary tools to compile your code, debug it, and configure it to work with IntelliSense.
2.安装mingw-w64 安装opencv-mingw-build
pacman -S --needed base-devel mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain
https://github.com/huihut/OpenCV-MinGW-Build
3.vscode 新建工作文件夹，新建 hello.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    vector<string> msg {"Hello", "C++", "World", "from", "VS Code", "and the C++ extension!"};

    for (const string& word : msg)
    {
        cout << word << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
}

4.配置task.json -> Run c/c++ file

{
  "tasks": [
    {
      "type": "cppbuild",
      "label": "C/C++: g++.exe build active file",
      "command": "C:\\msys64\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe",
      "args": [
        "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
        "-g",
        "-fexec-charset=GBK",                     //中文乱码
        "${workspaceFolder}/*.cpp",               //编译所有cpp文件
        "-o",
        "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"，
        // -I 头文件目录
        // -L 库文件目录
        // -l 库文件
        "-I","D:/opencv/install/include",
        "-I","D:/opencv/install/include/opencv2",
        "-L","D:/opencv/install/x64/mingw/lib",
        "-l","libopencv_video450"
      ],
      "options": {
        "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
      },
      "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],
      "group": {
        "kind": "build",
        "isDefault": true
      },
      "detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
    }
  ],
  "version": "2.0.0"
}

5.配置launch.json
To create launch.json, choose Add Debug Configuration from the play button drop-down menu.

{
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "C/C++: g++.exe build and debug active file",
      "type": "cppdbg",
      "request": "launch",
      "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
      "args": [],
      "stopAtEntry": false,
      "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
      "environment": [],
      "externalConsole": true,              //外部终端
      "MIMode": "gdb",
      "miDebuggerPath": "C:\\msys64\\mingw64\\bin\\gdb.exe",
      "setupCommands": [
        {
          "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
          "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
          "ignoreFailures": true
        },
        {
          "description": "Set Disassembly Flavor to Intel",
          "text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel",
          "ignoreFailures": true
        }
      ],
      "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++.exe build active file"
    }
  ],
  "version": "2.0.0"
}

6.c++ setting (ui)

{
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "GCC",
      "includePath": [
          "${workspaceFolder}/**"，
          "D:/opencv/install/include",
          "D:/opencv/install/include/opencv2"                 //头文件路径
      ],
      "defines": ["_DEBUG", "UNICODE", "_UNICODE"],
      "windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.22000.0",
      "compilerPath": "C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/g++.exe",
      "cStandard": "c17",
      "cppStandard": "c++17",
      "intelliSenseMode": "windows-gcc-x64"
    }
  ],
  "version": 4
}